Home institution University of Maribor Faculty of Civil Engineering Slovenia

1. Education and Culture Lifelong Learning Programme ERASMUS Assist.Prof.Dr. Lucija Hanžič LECTURE 3 Use of recycled aggregate in mortar www.fg.uni-mb.si/lucija/presentations/2008sakarya-lecture3.ppt 14 – 18 April 2008 Host institution Sakarya University Technical Education Faculty Turkey Home institution University of Maribor Faculty of Civil Engineering Slovenia

2. Assis.Prof.Dr. Lucija Hanžič Use of recycled aggregate in concrete and mortar Reduce Reuse Recycle Dispose 2/6 University of Maribor, Faculty of Civil Engineering Construction and demolition waste Table 1. Major classes of construction and demolition waste according to European Waste Catalogue and Hazardous Waste List, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 2002, Ireland. Construction and demolition (C&D) waste is formed during construction processes on construction sites and in plants for production of construction materials and elements. Due to large quantities of C&D waste its disposal in landfills represents a serious environmental problem. Therefore attempts are made to separate waste according to the type of material and to find possible applications for its reuse. Hierarchy of techniques for C&D waste treatment Figure 1. Treatment applied to C&D debris in Slovenia for years 2003 to 2006 (SI-Stat, 2007).

3. Assis.Prof.Dr. Lucija Hanžič Use of recycled aggregate in concrete and mortar 3/6 University of Maribor, Faculty of Civil Engineering Recycled aggregate Recycled aggregate (RA) is produced by crushing some categories of C&D waste in mobile or stationary recycling plants. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) Figure 2. Production of RA (a) demolition site (b)collection site, (c-d) mobile recycling machine, (e) unseparated RA produced from concrete waste, (f-g) stationary recycling plant with separation equipment and (h) separated RA produced from concrete waste.

4. Assis.Prof.Dr. Lucija Hanžič Use of recycled aggregate in mortar (1) 25 % 0.7 fOF 30 % wb (2) 35 % 0.8 4/6 University of Maribor, Faculty of Civil Engineering Mortar made of RA When RA is used for production of concrete fine fraction of RA, consisting of particles smaller than 4 mm, should not be used but should be replaced by natural sand Thus, it is necessary to find alternative applications for the fine fraction of RA in order to implement the »Zero Waste« concept and attempts have been made to use it in mortar mixtures. Study workability and water retention capacity of mortar made of RA For the experimental work six mortar mixtures were prepared from RA and for comparison equivalent mixtures were made of natural aggregate (NA). Mix proportioning 1. Determination of void space in aggregate Table 1. Density (ρ), compacted bulk density (ψ) and volume fraction of void space (fV). (a) (b) Figure 3. Particles in (a) loose and in (b) compacted state. 2. Selection of water-binder (wb) ratio 3. Selection of volume fraction of overfill (fOF)

5. Assis.Prof.Dr. Lucija Hanžič Use of recycled aggregate in concrete and mortar 5/6 University of Maribor, Faculty of Civil Engineering Results Workability (a) (a) (b) Figure 5. Flow of mortar as a function of fOF for (a) wb = 0.7 and (b) wb = 0.8. Figure 4. Flow of mortar on standard flow table for (a) NA wb = 0.7, fOF = 35 % and (b) RA wb = 0.8, fOF = 25 %. (b) Figure 6. (a-b) Experiment setup for the study of water retention capacity. Water retention capacity (a) (a) (b) Figure 7. Relative mass (uw) of water lost from the mortar fOF = 35 % wb ratio (a) 0.7 and (b) 0.8. (b)

6. Assis.Prof.Dr. Lucija Hanžič Use of recycled aggregate in concrete and mortar 6/6 University of Maribor, Faculty of Civil Engineering Further reading Chen, H.-J., Yen, T. and Chen K.-H. 2003, Use of building rubbles as recycled aggregates. Cement and Concrete research, 33, pp. 125-32. Corinaldesi, V., Giuggiolini, M. and Moriconi, G. 2002, Use of rubble from building demolition in mortars. Waste Management, 22, pp. 893-9. Khatib, J.M. 2005, Properties of concrete incorporating fine recycled aggregate. Cement and Concrete Research, 35, pp. 763-9. Moriconi, G., Corinaldesi, V. and Antonucci, R. 2003, Environmentally-friendly mortars: a way to improve bond between mortar and brick. Materials and Structures, 36, pp. 702-8. Tu, T.-Y., Chen, Y.-Y. and Hwang, C.-L. 2006, Properties of HPC with recycled aggregates. Cement and Concrete Research, 36, pp. 943-50. D. Sani, G. Moriconi, G. Fava, V. Corinaldesi, Leaching and mechanical behaviour of concrete manufactured with recycled aggregates, Waste Management 25 (2005), 177-182. I.B. Topcu, S. Sengel, Properties of concretes produced with waste concrete aggregate, Cement and Concrete Research 34 (2004), 1307-1312. R. Zaharieva, F. Buyle-Bodin, E. Wirquin, Frost resistance of recycled aggregate concrete, Cement and Concrete Research 34 (2004), 1927-1932. A. Katz, Treatments for the improvement of recycled aggregate, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 16 (2004), 597-603. A.K. Padmini, K. Ramamurthy, M.S. Mathews, Relative moisture movement through recycled aggregate concrete, Magazine of Concrete Research 54 (2002), 377-384.