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بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم. Cardiac reserve. Definition: It is the difference between the work of the heart in maximal activity and its work under basal conditions. (Cardiac output 5L/min. 35L/min). The mechanisms of cardiac reserve: heart rate reserve 75 B/min 125-180B/min.

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بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

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  1. بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

  2. Cardiac reserve • Definition: It is the difference between the work of the heart in maximal activity and its work under basal conditions. (Cardiac output 5L/min. 35L/min)

  3. The mechanisms of cardiac reserve: • heart rate reserve 75 B/min 125-180B/min. • stork volume reserve 70 ml/B 180-200ml/B. - dilatation (Starling’s low). - sympathetic stimulation. 3. hypertrophy 300gm 500gm. 4. O2 extraction reserve 65% 100%.

  4. Limits of the mechanisms of cardiac reserve: • a greater acceleration of the heart diminishes the diastolic time. • over dilation of the heart decreases the strength of contraction. • hypertrophy of the heart relative ischemia.

  5. Work of the heart Work of the heart = C.O.P x A.Bl.P. the heart performs two types of work: 1- pressure volume work (pumping work) 98%. (left ventricle 6Kg/m./min., right ventricle 1Kg. m./min.) 2- kinetic work (acceleration work)2%. (0.14 kg. m./min.) Total work = 6 + 1+0.14= 7.14 kg/m./min.

  6. The mechanical efficiency of the heart (M.E.) work done M.E = x 100 total energy expenditure • For the cardiac muscle at rest 15-20% for skeletal muscle about 20-25%. • By regular training may reach up to 50%.

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