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Phylum Cnidaria

Phylum Cnidaria. Coral Reef David Att. Taxonomy. Kingdom Animalia Phylum Cnidaria Class Hydrozoa Class Scyphozoa ( Hydra, Man-o-war) (true jellyfish) Class Cubozoa Class Anthozoa ( cube jellyfish) (anemones, coral). Phylum Cnidaria. Examples:

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Phylum Cnidaria

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  1. Phylum Cnidaria

  2. Coral Reef David Att.

  3. Taxonomy Kingdom Animalia Phylum Cnidaria Class Hydrozoa Class Scyphozoa (Hydra, Man-o-war) (true jellyfish) Class Cubozoa Class Anthozoa (cube jellyfish) (anemones, coral)

  4. Phylum Cnidaria Examples: • Sea anemones • Corals • Sea Pen • Sea Fan • Sea Plume • Hydra • Jelly fish • Portuguese Man o’ War • Box Jelly Fish

  5. General Characteristicscnidarians • More complex than sponges but still very simple animals • Most are sessile (corals) but some are sedentary (jellyfish) • Found in all oceans and at all depths • Live in colonies or free-living • All have radial symmetry • Most have tentacles with stinging cells

  6. Man of War

  7. Body Plan 1. Polyp- attaches to a rock or coral at its base (anemone) 2. Medusa – has a bell with tentacles hanging down (jellyfish)

  8. Body Plan

  9. Body Layers • Ectoderm: the outer layer that contains sensory organs and nerves • Mesoglea: the middle, jelly-like substance containing little to no cells • Endoderm: the inner layer containing muscle cells and cilia for movement

  10. Cnidocytes • Cnidocytes: cells found in the tentacles that sting and have venom • Used to capture and subdue prey and to protect against predators • How Jellyfish Sting

  11. Cnidocytes Most are not harmful to humans, however Portuguese man-of-war and certain jellyfish are quite painful and sometimes dangerous

  12. Locomotion • Polyps: move around by sliding, “inch worming” or summersaulting • Medusa: move by contracting muscles and expelling water from their bell • cnidarian movement

  13. Feeding and Digestion • The mouth opens into the gastrovascular cavity where enzymes are released to digest food • cnidarians feeding

  14. Reproduction Polyps • 1. Budding: a knob of tissue forms on the side of the “parent” • The bud develops into an adult and the offspring detaches • Detached: free-living clone of the parent • Undetached: stay together and live as a colony

  15. Reproduction • 2. Fission • The polyp splits in half forming 2 identical animals • 3. PedalLaceration • tissue is torn from the basal disc and develops into a new identical offspring

  16. Reproduction Medusa • Sexual reproduction only! • Sperm and egg get released into the water where fertilization occurs • coral spawning • jellyfish life cycle

  17. Ecological Relationship • Neurotoxins are useful in medical research • Build coral reefs that are habitats for many other species • Used to make jewelry

  18. Ecological Relationship • Have mutualistic relationships with other species Mutualism: when 2 species benefit from living with each other • Fish living within tentacles of a man o’ war • Anemone & clown fish

  19. Class Hydrozoa • Hydra, man-o-war • Alternate between polyp and medusa stage • Most live in colonies • Found in salt and fresh water

  20. Portuguese man-of-war Man o' war

  21. Portuguese man-of-war attack

  22. Class Scyphozoa: true jellyfish • Includes most jellyfish • Medusa is the dominant stage • Have a bettr developed nervous system than most cnidarians • How to live forever: be a jellyfish • Jellyfish • jellyfish documentary

  23. Giant Jellyfish

  24. Northern Sea Nettle

  25. Class Cubozoa • Cube Jellyfish • Bells are square with tentacles on the 4 corners • All are active predators • Their sting can be fatal to humans

  26. Irukandji jellyfish

  27. Sea Wasp

  28. Box Jellyfish

  29. Box Jelly Video • box jelly

  30. Sting of a Sea Wasp • The venom has cardiotoxic, neurotoxic and highly dermatonecrotic components

  31. Class Anthozoa: Flower Animals • Anemones, corals, sea fans, sea pen, sea pansies • Have no medusa stage • Live alone or in colonies • Have more developed muscle cells • Build coral reefs

  32. Sea anemone

  33. Coral reef

  34. A Closer Look at Coral coral

  35. Tube anemone

  36. Sea fans

  37. Sea pens

  38. Sea Pansies

  39. Phylum Ctenophores

  40. Ctenophores • Examples: “sea walnuts” and “comb jellies” • General Characteristics: • Live in warm, tropical waters • Have bioluminescent, transparent bodies • Fewer than 100 species exist

  41. Form and Function • Formand function: they have a few tentacles with sticky cells instead of stinging cells to catch prey • Have cilia for movement • Colloblasts: sticky cells used to catch prey • Reproduction: Monoecious, both sexual and asexual reproduction

  42. Sea Walnut

  43. Comb Jelly

  44. Comb Jelly

  45. Coral Reef • breat barrier reef • BBC great barrier reef

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