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Evidence of Evolution

Evidence of Evolution. What evidence do we have that life has evolved gradually from simple life forms to complex life forms over millions of years?. There are several major types of Evidence that Evolution has occurred. 1. Fossil Evidence

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Evidence of Evolution

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  1. Evidence of Evolution

  2. What evidence do we have that life has evolved gradually from simple life forms to complex life forms over millions of years?

  3. There are several major types of Evidence that Evolution has occurred. 1. Fossil Evidence 2. Comparative Anatomy and Vestigial Structures 3. Similar Embryonic Development

  4. Evidence of Evolution Fossil Evidence

  5. What is a fossil? • The preserved or mineralized remains(bone, tooth, or shell) or traces (footprints, burrow, or imprint) of an organism that lived long ago. Dinosaur fossil - (bone) Ammonite fossil (shell)

  6. Fossils come in many forms Shark teeth Dinosaur footprint Imprint of fish

  7. Fossils are very old Trilobite fossils 445 million years ago Stingray fossil 95 million year old Bird egg fossil 1 million years old Beetle fossil 50 million years old

  8. How do We Know How Old things Are? • Carbon dating half –life of carbon 14 is 5730 years.

  9. How do fossils form? • Most fossils are laid down in sedimentaryrock -(particles carried by streams and rivers that eventually settle to the bottom in layers) Many fossils in the Grand Canyon

  10. The oldest particles, and therefore the oldest fossils will be at the bottom, with new layers being added. • The deeper down you go, the simpler the life forms are. • This leads some to believe that life began as simpleprokaryotic cells and gradually became more complexbecause…

  11. Older, simpler fossils at the bottom

  12. What is the “fossil record” • Over the years, paleontologists (scientists that study fossils) have collected millions of fossils. This groups of fossils is called the FossilRecord • The fossil record represents the preserved collective history of Earth’s organisms.

  13. The fossil record shows that some organisms that once lived are now extinct triceratops stegosaurous archeopterous

  14. The fossil record can show that organisms changed gradually over time Fossil record of the whale 60 million years ago Today

  15. Fossil record of the modern horse Today 55 million years ago

  16. Fossil record of the camel Today 40 million years ago

  17. Evidence of Evolution Comparative Anatomy & Vestigial Structures

  18. A. Comparative Anatomy: The limbs of all of these organisms are similar in structure even though their function may be different

  19. As vertebrates evolved, particular sets of bones were sometimes put to different uses…This may indicate a commonancestry

  20. Some animals appear to have structures that no longer serve a function – (called vestigialstructures) • Vestigial leg bones in a python

  21. Vestigial wingsin a flightless bird Ex a penguin and an ostrich

  22. Human appendix is vestigial • The human appendix has no function in humans but is very important in horses and other animals

  23. Human tailbone is a vestigial vertebrate tail Human tail bone consists of fused vertebrae that no longer function as a tail

  24. Evidence of Evolution Embryological Development

  25. Similarities in EarlyDevelopment

  26. Similar development must mean similar genes at work • Similar genes indicated common ancestry. • Differences in development are caused by genes that have mutated during the course of evolution.

  27. The more similar two organisms are, the more similar their DNA is. • This would indicate that the animals evolved from a common ancestor.

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