Surfacing Rough Lumber

1. Surfacing Rough Lumber Woodworking 2,3,4

2. Materials • Surfacing Rough Lumber Worksheet • Tape Measure • Square • Combination • Tri-Square • Scrap Lumber

3. Question? • Write a sentence defining the term “Four-Square” Be prepared to Read it to the Class

4. Building an Accurate Foundation Craftsmanship depends on tight fitting, accurate joinery. Without observing the fundamental steps in basic stock preparation, this is impossible. That is why it is necessary to mill the boards we use four-square before cutting joints or shaping them.

5. Four-Square A board that is four-square is perfectly straight and flat, where each side is at right angles (90 degrees) to its adjacent sides. Face Edge End

6. Starting Point The chief cause of inaccuracy in stock preparation is a failure to establish generalized reference points. Slight machine errors can be mitigated by measuring, marking, cutting, planing or performing any other action using the same corner as your starting point. This corner is bound by the face side and face edge of the board.

7. Step One • Cross Cut to Rough Length if needed • The rules change when cutting twisted, cupped and warped lumber before Jointing • Rip to Rough Width if needed • Use Band Saw to rip twisted, cupped, and warped Lumber without a straight Edge

8. Dealing with a Cupped Board

9. Dealing with a Bowed Board

10. Dealing with a Crooked Board

11. Dealing with a Twisted Board

12. Dealing with a Knotty Board

13. Step Two • At the beginning of the stock preparation process it is necessary to inspect the lumber and choose a face side and face edge. • Face Side  Best Face that will be seen in your Finished Project and Best Grain Direction • Face Edge  Cleanest Adjacent Edge with Best Grain Direction

14. Grain Direction

15. Step Two

16. Crown – Sheds Water Jointer Table Cup – Holds Water Step Three • Joint Face (Cup Side Down) • Joint Edge Square to Face Side

17. Step Three – Re-mark

18. Perfectly Square Double Check With a Square

19. Step Four • Surface Plane the Second FACE parallel to the First • Find Thickest part of Lumber • Measure in Several Places

20. Step Four (cont.) • Pass ALL boards through at the SAME time • Everything must be a UNIFORM thickness • Even if you go below your planned Thickness • Flush, tight fitting joints require uniform thickness of all the boards • DO NOT PLANE TO FINAL THICKNESS IF YOU NEED TO GLUE-UP BOARDS

21. Step Five • Rip ALL boards to FINISHED WIDTH • Rip ALL the same widths at the SAME time • Do not adjust the fence • Set the Fence to 1/32” greater than your Finished Width

22. Step Five (cont.) 1/32” Greater

23. Step Six • Square Up one End • Make sure you place the Original Face Edge AGAINST the Fence • Use you Square Marks • Make sure you place Original Face Side against the Table • Use you Square Marks

24. Step Seven • Crosscut the other End to the Finished Length • Cut ALL same length pieces at the SAME time • Use a Stop Block to insure everything is exactly the SAME

25. The Result

26. Step Six (cont.)

27. Textbook Work • Chapter 23 Worksheet • Page 357 • Worksheet Handout

29. Jointer Intro • Demonstration • Safety Test • Observation

30. Surface Planer Intro • Demonstration • Safety Test • Observation