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Dengue: A Tropical Vector Borne Disease in the Cayman Islands

Dengue: A Tropical Vector Borne Disease in the Cayman Islands. Deborah Jarrett (Ph.D) Walden University  PUBH 8165- 01  Instructor: Dr. Howard Rubin Summer, 2010. Bigongiori, 2009.

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Dengue: A Tropical Vector Borne Disease in the Cayman Islands

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  1. Dengue: A Tropical Vector Borne Disease in the Cayman Islands Deborah Jarrett (Ph.D) Walden University  PUBH 8165- 01  Instructor: Dr. Howard Rubin Summer, 2010 Bigongiori, 2009

  2. AudiencePrimary: Health Care Professionals in Grand CaymanSecondary: Community MembersPurpose of Presentation

  3. Agenda • Introduction • Objectives • Definition of Dengue • Epidemiological Characteristics of Dengue • Significance of Dengue • Prevention and Control Measures • Public Health & Environmental Implications • Recommendations

  4. Introduction

  5. Objectives By the end of the presentation individuals will be able to: • Identify the causative agent and mode of transmission of dengue. • Determine the role of mosquitoes in the transmission of dengue. • Identify the clinical manifestations of dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever.

  6. Objectives • Understand the global and national impact of dengue in relation to prevalence, morbidity rate, mortality rate, and societal cost. • Identify and implement appropriate control or preventive measures. • Advocate for public policies and programs that will reduce the risk of dengue transmission. • Initiate and sustain community participatory dengue prevention programs.

  7. Epidemiological Characteristics of Dengue • Definition Dengue is a vector borne viral disease • Causative Agent The Flaviviridae or Dengue Viruses (“Medical Dictionary,” 2010).

  8. Mode of Transmission • Vector – Borne Female Aedes Aegypti and Albopictus mosquitoes act as intermediate vector • Non Vector- Borne Organ Transplant Blood Transfusion & Hemodialysis Vertical Transmission (“Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,” 2010).

  9. Vector Borne Transmission (“World Health Organization, “2009).

  10. Disease Frequency – (Global Statistics) Dengue Virus is: • Endemic in tropical and sub- tropical regions • “The most important mosquito borne viral disease in the world” (“Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,” 2010).

  11. Disease Frequency • Increased Incidence • Increased Prevalence • Increased Relative Risk • Increased Childhood Mortality Rate • Increased Fatality Rates

  12. Disease Frequency – (Caribbean Region)Table 1: Total Number of Reported Cases of Dengue Fever and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in the Caribbean by Year

  13. Disease Frequency – (National Statistics) • One reported case of dengue hemorrhagic fever in 2008 • One reported case of dengue fever in 2009 • Three reported cases of dengue in January 2010 (Connolly, 2010)

  14. Significance of Dengue Human Impact • Dengue Fever • Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever

  15. WHO Case Definition of Dengue

  16. Societal Cost • Increased Social Burden • Psychological Distress • Economic Constraints

  17. Prevention & Control • Vector Control • Behavior Modification • Community Participation • Supportive Environmental Policies (“World Health Organization,” 2009)

  18. Prevention & Control • Dengue Surveillance • Multilateral Partnership • Screening of Blood Product or Organs

  19. Treatment • Symptomatic Treatment - Bed Rest, Oral Fluids, Pain Relief Medication (No Aspirin) • Aggressive Treatment - Blood Transfusion for Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (“WHO,” 2009)

  20. Health and Environmental Implication • Worldwide Problem since the 1950s • One-third of the World’s Population at Risk for Dengue • Difficulty Eliminating the Aedes Aegypti Mosquito due to Its Resilience (“Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,” 2010)

  21. Recommendations • Regular health education campaigns • Periodic space spraying of insecticides. • Frequent emergency planning and training sessions.

  22. Recommendations • Conduct monthly community “clean up campaigns”. • Encourage community participatory research that will assist in the elimination of the aedes mosquito population.

  23. Conclusion • Climatic conditions and rapid growth of Aedes mosquitoes in the Caribbean lead to fear of epidemic • Constant Surveillance, Community Participation and Empowerment are necessary to prevent future outbreaks of Dengue in the Cayman Islands

  24. Summary Dengue is: • A global public health concern • The female aedes mosquito acts as an intermediate vector that transmit the virus to humans. • It results in mild symptoms and may progress to serious illness and even death

  25. Summary • Dengue is associated with poor environmental conditions or vector control • Treatment is often symptomatic • Prevention and control measures includes vector control, community participation, healthy environmental policies and surveillance

  26. References: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2010, May, 20). Dengue. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/dengue/ Connolly, N. (2010, January, 29). Suspected dengue cases tested. Retrieved from http://www.compasscayman.com/caycompass/2010/01/29/Suspected-dengue-cases-tested/ Goel, N., Gurpreet, M., & Swami, H. (2007). Epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever: Its prevention and control. The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology, 1(1). Retrieved from http://www.ispub.com/ostia/index.php?xmlFilePath=journals/ijba/vol1n1/dengue.xml Lloyd, S. L. (2003, February). Best practices for dengue prevention and control in the Americas. U.S. Agency for International Development. Retrieved from http://www.ehproject.org/PDF/Strategic_papers/SR7-BestPractice.pdf Medical Dictionary. (2010). Dengue fever. Retrieved from http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Classical+dengue Wilder –Smith, A., Chen, L. H., Massad, E., & Wilson, M. E. (2009, January). Threat of Dengue to Blood Safety in Dengue-Endemic Countries. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 15(1). Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/eid/content/15/1/8.htm World Health Organization. (2009, March). Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever. Dengue Net. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en/ World Health Organization. (2010). Impact of Dengue. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/csr/disease/dengue/impact/en/ World Health Organization. (2010). WHO initiates bi-regional approach to tackle dengue fever in Asia Pacific. Retrieved from http://www.searo.who.int/en/Section10/Section332/Section2386_13110.htm

  27. Supplemental Resources Dengue Net – WHO’s Internet-based System for Global Surveillance of Dengue Fever and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Website: - http://www.who.int/denguenet TDR – For Research on Diseases of Poverty (UNICEF, UNDP, World Bank, WHO) Website: http://apps.who.int/tdr/svc/diseases/chagas IVR (WHO Initiative for Vaccine Research) Website: http://www.who.int/topics/vaccines/en/

  28. Car Caribbean Cayman Islands Pictures Photos, 2004 & Dengue- Mosquito.jpg

  29. THANK YOU

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