EVOLUTION &CONCEPTS OF FAMILY MEDICINE

1. EVOLUTION &CONCEPTS OFFAMILY MEDICINE Dr. Riaz Qureshi Distinguished Professor Department of Family & Community Medicine King Saud University, Riyadh

2. Objectives • Become familiar with the history and evolution of Family Medicine - Understand the concepts of Family Medicine and its central & universal role in the health care system - Become aware of the desirable qualities of a Family Physician and essentials of a Family Medicine consultation

3. History of Family Medicine • EVOLUTION: The age of the General Practitioner / The age of Specialization/Family Medicine as a Clinical and Academic Discipline

4. Major barriers to equitable health care - WHO • Unequal access to disease prevention & care • Rising cost of health care • Inefficient health care system • Lack of emphasis on Generalists’ (Family Medicine) training

5. How to overcome these barriers ? • The WHO also states, that the best option to overcome these barriers is to utilize the services of trained Family Physicians

6. Health outcome indicators • Barbra Starfield study confirmed that the central role of Family Medicine in the health care system of a country results in enhanced quality & cost-effective care . • She proved in a large multicentre study that the health outcome indicators are significantly better in those countries in which Family Medicine plays a central role in the health care system

7. Problems in the community 75% Self care 25% Consult FP Hosp 2.5%

8. Concepts of Family Medicine DEFINITION:Family Medicine is a medical specialty of first contact with the patients and is devoted to providing preventive, promotive, rehabilitative and curative care, with emphasis on the physical, psychological and social aspects, for the patient, his family and community. The scope is not limited by system, organ, disease entity, age or sex.

9. The Need For Trained Family Physicians • The central role of a well trained Family Physician in health care is well recognized in: • Developed countries -- UK, USA and Canada • Oil rich countries -- Saudi Arabia and Kuwait? • Developing countries -- ? ? ? ? ? • The need is even greater in all less developed countries.

10. 10 Cs OF FAMILY PRACTICE 1. C = Caring/Compassionate 2. C = Clinically Competent 3. C = Cost-effective Care 4. C = Continuity of Care 5. C = Comprehensive Care 6. C = Common Problems Management 7. C = Co-ordination of Care 8. C = Community-based Care & Research 9. C = Continuing Medical Education 10. C = Communication & Counseling Skills` with confidentiality

11. 1. C = CARING • Caring/Compassionate care • An essential quality in a Family Physician • Personal Care

12. 2. C = CLINICALLY COMPETENT • Only caring is not enough • Need for 4 years training after graduation and internship

13. 3. C = COST- EFFECTIVE • In time and money • Gate keeper- Appropriate resources use • Use of time as a diagnostic tool

14. 4. C = CONTINUITY OF CARE • For acute, chronic, from childhood to old age, and terminal care patients and those requiring rehabilitation. • Preventive care/ Promotion of health • Care from cradle to grave

15. 5. C = COMPREHENSIVE • CARE • Responsibility for every problem a patient presents with • Physical, Psychological & Social • Holistic approach with triple diagnosis

16. 6. C = COMMON PROBLEMS MANAGEMENT EXPERTISE • e.g. Hypertension, Diabetes, Asthma, Depression, Anemia, Allergic Rhinitis, Urinary Tract Infection • Common problems in children and women

17. 7. C = CONTINUING MEDICAL EDUCATION (CME) • To keep up-to-date • Need for breath of knowledge

18. 8. C = CO-ORDINATION OF CARE • Patient’s advocate • Organizing multiple sources of help

19. 9. C = COMMUNITY BASED CARE AND RESEARCH • Care nearer patients’ home • Preventive, promotive, rehabilitative and curative care in patients own environment. • Relevant research within the patient’s own surroundings

20. 10. C = COMMUNICATION & COUNSELING SKILLS • Essential for compliance of advice and treatment/sharing understanding • Confidentiality and safety netting • Needed for patient satisfaction • Involving patient in the management

21. Essentials of a Family Medicine Consultation Meet & greet All the components of history including medication, personal and Psychosocial with patient centered approach Summarization ICE: Ideas, concerns &expectations and effects on patient’s day to day life & work Examination/Diagnosis ? Differential diagnosis? Investigations & Management with patients involvement, safety netting , appropriate F/U & Referral?

22. CONCLUSION The principles and competencies required for the practice of Family Medicine are universal. They are applicable to all cultures and all social groups, from richest to the poorest in the community.

23. Thank you • Have a nice day