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How do we study the Universe?. SPECTROSCOPY. Uses visible wavelength split into colors. Doppler shift. Wavelengths change when object is moving. Red/ Blue Shift. RECEDING (moving away) objects show a INCREASE in WAVELENGTH- red shift
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SPECTROSCOPY • Uses visible wavelength split into colors
Doppler shift • Wavelengths change when object is moving
Red/ Blue Shift • RECEDING (moving away) objects show a INCREASE in WAVELENGTH- red shift • APPROACHING objects show a DECREASE in WAVELENGTH- blue shift
Star Approaching • Star Receding
Star MOVING AWAY from us. (RED-SHIFTING) REFERENCE SPECTRUM
Optical telescopes • Need clear weather • Away from city lights (light pollution) • Above clouds (mountain tops) • Less distortion • Many in AZ and HI
REFRACTING TELESCOPES Use multiple lenses to focus light and magnify images.
REFRACTORS • Lenses are expensive • Chromatic aberration (halo affect;bad) • good for observing solar system objects • See details (good contrast)
Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff AZdiscovered Pluto24” refractor
REFLECTING TELESCOPES Uses a series of mirrors to gather and focus light.
Reflectors • Mirrors are cheaper • See farther than refractors • Lose detail • Can build larger (10 meters vs. 1 meter) • “Coma” problem
“coma problem • Stars need edge of field have “tails”
Two 8.4 m mirrors LBT Large Binocular Telescope
CATADIOPTRIC TELESCOPES • combines the best features of refractors and reflectors
Dobsonian telescope • Cheap • Reflector • need dark skies • Only azimuth mount • Good beginner telescope
Radio telescopes • Gather incoming radio waves • Convert waves to colors • Produce false color images
Radio telescopes • Best for out of solar system objects • Galaxies • Supernovas • quasars
Very Large ArraySocorro, NM • Arrays use many telescopes that act as one telescope
Hawaii California Washington Iowa New Hampshire Very Large Baseline Array Sites Kitt Peak, AZ New Mex. Texas New Mex. Virgin Islands
40 meter radio telescope Green Bank, WV
Janskies Signal is converted to false colors Minutes
SUPERNOVA REMNANT All declinations combined make a picture