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Myers’ Psychology for AP*

This unit explores the perspectives on psychological disorders, including anxiety, somatoform, dissociative, mood, and personality disorders, as well as rates of disorder and the classification systems used.

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Myers’ Psychology for AP*

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  1. Myers’ Psychology for AP* David G. Myers *AP is a trademark registered and/or owned by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.

  2. Unit 12:Abnormal Psychology

  3. Unit Overview • Perspectives on Psychological Disorders • Anxiety Disorders • Somatoform Disorders • Dissociative Disorders • Mood Disorders • Schizophrenia • Personality Disorders • Rates of Disorder Click on the any of the above hyperlinks to go to that section in the presentation.

  4. Introduction • How should we define psychological disorders? • How should we understand disorders? • How should we classify psychological disorders?

  5. Perspectives on Psychological Disorders

  6. Defining Psychological Disorders • Psychological disorders • Deviant behavior • Distressful behavior • Harmful dysfunctional behavior • Definition varies by context/culture • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

  7. Understanding Psychological DisordersThe Medical Model • Philippe Pinel • Medical model • Mental illness (psychopathology)

  8. Understanding Psychological DisordersThe Biopsychosocial Approach • Interaction of nature and nurture • Influence of culture on disorders

  9. Classifying Psychological Disorders • Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) • DSM-IV-TR • DSM-5 • International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) • Criticisms of the DSM

  10. The Biopsychosocial Approach to Psychological Disorders

  11. The Biopsychosocial Approach to Psychological Disorders

  12. The Biopsychosocial Approach to Psychological Disorders

  13. The Biopsychosocial Approach to Psychological Disorders

  14. Labeling Psychological Disorders • Rosenhan’s study • Power of labels • Preconception can stigmatize • Insanity label • Stereotypes of the mentally ill • Self-fulfilling prophecy

  15. Anxiety Disorders

  16. Anxiety Disorders • Anxiety disorders • Generalized anxiety disorder • Panic disorder • Phobia • Obsessive-compulsive disorder • Post-traumatic stress disorder

  17. Generalized Anxiety Disorder • Generalized anxiety disorder • 2/3 women • Free floating anxiety

  18. Panic Disorder • Panic disorder • Panic attacks

  19. Phobias • Phobias • Specific phobia • Social phobia • Agoraphobia

  20. Phobias

  21. Phobias

  22. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder • Obsessive-compulsive disorder • An obsession versus a compulsion • Checkers • Hand washers

  23. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

  24. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

  25. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

  26. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

  27. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

  28. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder • Post-traumatic stress disorder • PTSD • “shellshock” or “battle fatigue” • Not just due to a war situation • Post-traumatic growth

  29. Understanding Anxiety DisordersThe Learning Perspective • Fear conditioning • Stimulus generalization • Reinforcement • Observational learning

  30. Understanding Anxiety DisordersThe Biological Perspective • Natural selection • Genes • Anxiety gene • Glutamate • The Brain • Anterior cingulate cortex

  31. Somatoform Disorders

  32. Somatoform Disorder • Somatoform disorder • Somatic (body) • Conversion disorder • Hypochondriasis

  33. Dissociative Disorders

  34. Dissociative Disorders • Dissociative disorders • Fugue state • Dissociate (become separated)

  35. Dissociative Identity Disorder • Dissociative identity disorder (DID) • Multiple personality disorder

  36. Understanding Dissociative Identity Disorder • Genuine disorder or not? • DID rates • Therapist’s creation • Differences are too great • DID and other disorders

  37. Mood Disorders

  38. Mood Disorders • Mood disorders • Major depressive disorder • Bipolar disorder

  39. Major Depressive Disorder • Major depressive disorder • Lethargy • Feelings of worthlessness • Loss of interest in family and friends • Loss of interest in activities

  40. Major Depressive Disorder

  41. Major Depressive Disorder

  42. Major Depressive Disorder

  43. Bipolar Disorder • Bipolar Disorder • Mania (manic) • Overtalkative, overactive, elated, little need for sleep, etc. • Bipolar disorder and creativity

  44. Understanding Mood Disorders • Many behavioral and cognitive changes accompany depression • Depression is widespread • Compared with men, women are nearly twice as vulnerable to major depression • Most major depressive episodes self-terminate • Stressful events related to work, marriage and close relationships often precede depression • With each new generation, depression is striking earlier and affecting more people

  45. Understanding Mood Disorders

  46. Understanding Mood DisordersThe Biological Perspective • Genetic Influences • Mood disorders run in families • Heritability • Linkage analysis • The depressed brain • Biochemical influences • Norepinephrine and serotonin

  47. Understanding Mood DisordersThe Biological Perspective

  48. Understanding Mood DisordersThe Biological Perspective

  49. Understanding Mood DisordersThe Biological Perspective

  50. Understanding Mood DisordersThe Social-Cognitive Perspective • Negative Thoughts and Moods Interact • Self-defeating beliefs • Learned helplessness • Overthinking • Explanatory style • Stable, global, internal explanations • Cause versus indictor of depression? • xxx

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