Standard Measurement

1. Standard Measurement When measuring, it is sometimes necessary to change from one unit into another. Unit refers to what you are measuring. FOR EXAMPLE… Miles / yards / feet / inches = units of distance Tons / pounds / ounces = units of weight Gallon / quarts / pints / cups = units of amount

2. Standard Measurement When changing from one unit to another, you have to do a process called… CONVERSION. Conversion means using conversion factors, or equalities, to multiply and divide our originally measured units and turn them into different units.

3. Standard Measurement An equality is any two amounts (and units) that appear different, but are actually the same value. For example… 1 foot = 12 inches 1 ≠ 12 Feet ≠inches 1 foot does equal 12 inches.

4. Standard Measurement Other examples of conversion factors (equalities) would also be… 1 year = 365 days (or 1 year = 12 months) 1 chess board = 64 squares 206 bones = 1 human body 2 pair of Aces = Four of a kind

5. ? 4 gallons (gal) = ___ cups (c) Standard Measurement Let’s say our problem is… “How many dishes of ice cream we can make from 4 gallons, if each dish is one cup?”

6. ? 4 gallons (gal) = ___ cups (c) Standard Measurement In order to convert (change) one unit to another, you need to do the following steps… 1) First, make a copy of this chart, making sure to shade the lower, left-hand space as shown…

7. ? 4 gallons (gal) = ___ cups (c) Standard Measurement In order to convert (change) one unit to another, you need to do the following steps… 2) Put the known quantity from your problem in the upper, left-hand space, as follows… 4 gal

8. ? 4 gallons (gal) = ___ cups (c) Standard Measurement In order to convert (change) one unit to another, you need to do the following steps… 3) Choose an equality that contains the units you already know. 1 gal = 4 qt 4 gal

9. ? 4 gallons (gal) = ___ cups (c) Standard Measurement In order to convert (change) one unit to another, you need to do the following steps… 3) Place half the equality in the bottom box and the other half in the top box. HINT: the half on the bottom should be the half that has the same units as the known amount. 4 gal 4 qt1 gal

10. ? 4 gallons (gal) = ___ cups (c) 4 gal 4 qt1 gal Standard Measurement In order to convert (change) one unit to another, you need to do the following steps… 4) Cross out the units that are similar on the top and bottom, as follows…

11. ? 4 gallons (gal) = ___ cups (c) 4 gal 4 qt1 gal Standard Measurement In order to convert (change) one unit to another, you need to do the following steps… 5) Now check – is the remaining uncrossed unit the unit we are looking for? NO

12. ? 4 gallons (gal) = ___ cups (c) Standard Measurement In order to convert (change) one unit to another, you need to do the following steps… If the answer is “YES”… - we go to step #6 If the answer is “NO”… - we go back to step #3 - we add another conversion factor

13. ? 4 gallons (gal) = ___ cups (c) 4 gal 4 qt1 gal Standard Measurement In order to convert (change) one unit to another, you need to do the following steps… 3) Put the correct equality in the next set of boxes to the right. It should also contain the same units as those remaining, and they should be placed in the bottom box again. 2 pt 1 qt

14. ? 4 gallons (gal) = ___ cups (c) Standard Measurement In order to convert (change) one unit to another, you need to do the following steps… 4) Cross out the units that are similar on the top and bottom, as follows… 2 pt 1 qt 4 gal 4 qt1 gal

15. ? 4 gallons (gal) = ___ cups (c) 2 pt 1 qt 4 gal 4 qt1 gal Standard Measurement In order to convert (change) one unit to another, you need to do the following steps… 5) Now check – is the remaining uncrossed unit the unit we are looking for? NO

16. ? 4 gallons (gal) = ___ cups (c) 2 pt 1 qt 4 gal 4 qt1 gal Standard Measurement In order to convert (change) one unit to another, you need to do the following steps… Step 3 / 4 / 5 again! Put a new equality, and then cross out the units that are similar on the top and bottom… 2 c 1 pt

17. ? 4 gallons (gal) = ___ cups (c) 2 pt 1 qt 2 c 1 pt 4 gal 4 qt1 gal Standard Measurement In order to convert (change) one unit to another, you need to do the following steps… FINALLY! The units we were looking for are in the top row!

18. ? 4 gallons (gal) = ___ cups (c) 2 pt 1 qt 2 c 1 pt 4 gal 4 qt1 gal Standard Measurement In order to convert (change) one unit to another, you need to do the following steps… 6a) First, multiply all the numbers on the top row: 4 x 4 x 2 x 2 = 64

19. ? 4 gallons (gal) = ___ cups (c) 2 pt 1 qt 2 c 1 pt 4 gal 4 qt1 gal Standard Measurement In order to convert (change) one unit to another, you need to do the following steps… 6b) Then, multiply all the numbers on the bottom row: 1 x 1 x 1 = 1

20. ? 4 gallons (gal) = ___ cups (c) Standard Measurement In order to convert (change) one unit to another, you need to do the following steps… 6c) Now, divide the top row’s product by the bottom row’s product: 64 = 64 1

21. ? 4 gallons (gal) = ___ cups (c) 64 1 = 64 Standard Measurement In order to convert (change) one unit to another, you need to do the following steps… 6c) Don’t forget to put the new, correct units! There are 64 one cup servings in 4 gallons. cups

22. 51 8 Standard Measurement In order to convert (change) one unit to another, you need to do the following steps… .. 6 3 7 5 8 51 000 6d) If necessary, round your answer to the nearest HUNDREDTHS 48 3 0 24 6 0 6.38 56 for example… rounded = 0 4 40 0