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Unit 2

Unit 2. Matter EQ: What is everything made of. Matter. anything that takes up space (volume) & has mass all matter has 2 types of properties: 1) Physical Properties 2) Chemical Properties. Atoms & Elements. Elements A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

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Unit 2

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  1. Unit 2 Matter EQ: What is everything made of

  2. Matter • anything that takes up space (volume)& has mass • all matter has 2 types of properties: 1) Physical Properties 2) Chemical Properties

  3. Atoms & Elements Elements • A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances • characteristic set of physical/chemical properties • Rows • Columns • Follow trends • 92elements occur naturally

  4. Atoms • the smallest unit of an element • Atomic number = protons • Symbol • Atomic mass (AU or g/mol) • Mol e= 602,350,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms • 6.0235 x 1023 • 602,350,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms of C is 12.01g • 1 page = 1,000,000 atoms

  5. Atomic Structure • 3 subatomic particles and their residency • Nucleus = dense center (The mass of the atom) • protons(+) • neutrons(0) • Electron Cloud/Energy Levelsorbiting nucleus • electrons (-) • p 38 fig 2 • Balance of the Cosmos • + particles must be balanced by – particles • Protons balanced by electrons

  6. Mass Number • The number of protons and neutrons in the Nucleus • you can use an element’s atomic # and mass # to estimate the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons • Nitrogen: atomic # is 7 ; mass # is 14.01 • # protons = atomic # = 7 = # electrons • # neutrons = (mass # - atomic #) = 14.01-7 = 7.01

  7. Isotopes • Atoms of the same element • that differ from each other in mass • same # of protons, different # neutrons • Some unstable • Use to determine age of things • Has very precise rate of decay • Measurements are not always precise • FIG 3pg 39

  8. Physical Properties • characteristics that can be observed without changing the composition of the substance • Density: how much massin certain space • D=M/V • color • Hardness • Boiling point

  9. Chemical Properties • how a substance interacts with other substances • produce different kinds of matter • Rusting, burning, decomposing, digesting

  10. Solids, Liquids, Gases 1) Solids ~definite shape and volume ~particles tightly packed together, not free to move very much 2) Liquids ~definite volume, no definite shape ~takes shape of its containers ~tightly packed, but still free to move a little

  11. Solids, Liquids, and Gases 3) Gases ~no definite shape/volume ~particles are further apart and move faster and more freely

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