Do Now 12/11

1. Do Now 12/11 Come up with 3 questions from what we have learned from DNA the last two days. Make sure they are solid questions! Include the answers to the questions.

2. DNA Open Notes Quiz Time  • 1) DNA’s main job is to code for what? (1 points) • 2) What is the name of the sub-unit that DNA is made up of? (2 points • 3) Draw and label the 3 parts of the ‘sub-unit’ of DNA. (3 points) • 4) Name the four bases and which bases match with which? (2 points) • 5) Explain what a codon is. What does it code for? (2 points)

3. Mitosis –Cover Page

4. Mitosis and the Cell Cycle Big Idea: Mitosis is the process in which the nucleus divides to form two new nuclei and two cells with identical DNA. 4

5. But First We Must Know What a Chromosome is! Ummmm What is it?

6. Lets Look at the Facts • DNA molecules are packaged into thread-like structures called chromosomes.  • Each chromosome contains a centromere, which divides the chromosome into two sections, or “arms.” • Humans have 46 Chromosomes in a cell. • Each Chromosome contains 2 Chromatid. • Chromosomes are a threadlike structure found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

8. Why do cells make more cells? 1. Growth 2. Repair 3. Replacement That’s a fact Jack

9. Animated Mitosis Cycle http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm • Interphase • Prophase • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase & Cytokinesis

10. DO NOW 12/12 What is a chromosome? Name the steps of mitosis in order Name the three parts of a nucleotide. What does DNA ultimately code for?

11. Interphase – The Prep Step • Not actually part of Mitosis (it sets the table for the process to begin) • Where the cell spend most of its life growing • Broken down into 3 stages • Gap 1 (G1) • Synthesis (S) • Gap 2 (G2)

12. G1 • This is the primary stage where the cell prepares itself for division.  • normal cellular functions occur, cell grows S • Cell Division Starts! • Chromosomes start replicating. 2 copies of each chromosome. • Any two chromatids are joint together at a single point known as the 'centromere.‘ G2 • Other cell organelles begin to replicate as well. • Cell prepares for Mitosis and centrioles split.

13. Interphase occurs before mitosis begins • Chromosomes are copied(# doubles) • Chromosomes appear as threadlike coils (chromatin) at the start, but each chromosome and its copy(sisterchromosome) change to sister chromatids at end of this phase CELL MEMBRANE Nucleus Cytoplasm

14. Centrioles

15. Prophase 1st step in Mitosis • Mitosis begins (cell begins to divide) • Nuclear envelope disappears • Centrioles (or poles) appear and begin to move to opposite end of the cell. • Spindle fibers form between the poles. Centrioles Sister chromatids Spindle fibers

16. Prophase Plant Cell Animal Cell Spindle fibers Centrioles Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

17. Metaphase 2nd step in Mitosis • Double-stranded chromosomes line up in the middle (equator) • Chromatids (or pairs of chromosomes) attach to the spindle fibers. Centrioles Spindle fibers

18. Metaphase Plant Cell Animal Cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

19. Anaphase 3rdstep in Mitosis • Chromatids (or pairs of chromosomes)Each centromere divides as sister chromatids are pulled to opposite sides of the cell. Centrioles Spindle fibers

20. Anaphase Plant Cell Animal Cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

21. Telophase 4th step in Mitosis • Two new nuclei form. • Chromosomes appear. Appear at opposite ends. • Spindle Fibers disappear • Mitosis ends. Nuclei Nuclei Chromatin

22. Telophase Plant Cell Animal Cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

23. Cytokinesisoccurs after Mitosis • Cell membrane moves inward to create two daughter cells – each with its own nucleus with identical chromosomes. • 2 genetically identical cell form

24. Animal Mitosis -- Review

25. Plant Mitosis -- Review

26. IPMATC REMEMBER! • Interphase • Prophase • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase • Cytokinesis IPreferMeatloafAtTennisCamp

27. Cell Cycle

29. Videos • http://unctv.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/tdc02.sci.life.stru.dnadivide/mitosis/ • http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__how_the_cell_cycle_works.html • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZEwddr9ho-4 (mitosis dance) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZF-VAfTgY4s • Mitosis dance

30. - Cell Division The Cell Cycle 30

31. MitosisAnimation http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm

32. Vocabulary Terms for Mitosis • Asexual Reproduction – new organism is formed from one parent cell • Mitosis - cell division that ensures that each daughter cell gets an exact copy of the mother cells DNA • Cytokinesis - division of the cytoplasm during cell division • Chromosomes -A doubled rod of condensed chromatin

33. Chromatid - one half of a duplicated chromosome • Centromere - area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached • Chromatin - granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA. • Spindle - a network of microtubules that forms during mitosis and moves chromatids to the poles • Cell Equator - this is where chromosomes pair up and attach to the spindle