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Human Biology

Human Biology. Welcome To Your First Day of Class. Anatomy. The study of form. Physiology is …. The study of the function of all plants and animals in their normal state. An integrative science. Key Themes in Physiology:. Homeostasis

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Human Biology

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  1. Human Biology Welcome To Your First Day of Class

  2. Anatomy • The study of form

  3. Physiology is… • The study of the function of all plants and animals in their normal state. • An integrative science

  4. Key Themes in Physiology: • Homeostasis • The ability of the body to survive in a challenging and changing environment by keeping the internal environment relatively stable “The Wisdom of the Body”

  5. Homeostasis • Negative Feedback Loops are Homeostatic • Negative feedback loops can restore the normal state but can’t prevent the initial disturbance.

  6. Negative Feedback • The body maintains a set point until there is a perturbation. • The change in the environment signals a response by the body • The response is to bring the body back to homeostasis • If possible!

  7. Positive Feedback • Positive Feedbackis NOT homeostatic • Positive Feedback reinforces the initial stimulus rather than decreasing or removing it. • The response sends the variable being regulated even farther from its normal value • This triggers a vicious cycle of ever-increasing response sending the system out of control temporarily • Must have a “shut off” switch or it becomes pathological.

  8. Basic Steps of Scientific Method: Observation (and/or study of prior knowledge)/Question Hypothesis Experimentation Collection and analysis of data (can you replicate results?) Conclusion: reject or accepthypothesis theory

  9. Example: What makes up human scent Prior knowledge: Mice smell each other using urine MHC Hypothesis: ? Experiments: ? Collect and analyze data Conclusion

  10. Animal vs. Human Experimentation • In Physiology most knowledge is derived from _______ experimentation. • Sometime human experimentation is necessary. • Difficulties of Human Experimentation: • Very dissimilar test subjects • Psychological aspects (placebo and nocebo effects) • Ethical questions (is it ok to withhold potential drug from seriously ill?)

  11. Animal Research

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