1 / 30

GOAL 4 UNIT D “Chemical Interactions”

GOAL 4 UNIT D “Chemical Interactions”. is. the study of matter and its changes. Unit D Chapter 1.1 pages D9 – D16. “Atoms are the Smallest Form of Elements”. f. element. a substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by ordinary chemical changes.

odelia
Download Presentation

GOAL 4 UNIT D “Chemical Interactions”

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. GOAL 4 UNIT D“Chemical Interactions”

  2. is the study of matter and its changes.

  3. Unit D Chapter 1.1 pages D9 – D16 “Atoms are the Smallest Form of Elements” f

  4. element • a substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by ordinary chemical changes • consists of atoms of only one type

  5. HYDROGEN The most common element in the universe is...

  6. Atoms of the element hydrogen account for about 90% of the total mass of the universe. Hydrogen atoms make up only about 1% of Earth’s crust. Most of those hydrogen atoms are combined with oxygen atoms in the form of... ? water

  7. ATOMIC CHEMICAL SYMBOLS one or two letters chosen to represent an element H = hydrogen Ne = neon The origin of some chemical symbols comes from Latin names. Au= gold aurum

  8. It is estimated that about one trillion (1,000,000,000,000) atoms would fit into a period at the end of this sentence. What is the size of one atom?

  9. THE STRUCTUREOF The three subatomic particles that make up atoms are... neutrons, and electrons. protons,

  10. proton a positively charged particle located in an atom's nucleus

  11. neutron a particle that has no electric charge and is located  in an atom's nucleus

  12. nucleus  the central region of an atom where most of the atom's mass is found in protons and neutrons

  13. The nucleus is held together by the • "strong nuclear force." • This force between • the protons and neutrons • overcomes the electrical force of repelling that would push • the positively charged protons apart.

  14. electron • a negatively charged particle located outside an atom's nucleus • about 2000 times smaller than either a proton or neutron

  15. SUBATOMIC PARTICLES Protons and neutrons are heavier than electrons and exist in the "nucleus," which is the center of the atom. Protons have a positive electrical charge, and neutrons have no electrical charge.  Electrons are extremely lightweight and are negatively charged. They exist in a cloud that surrounds the atom.

  16. ELECTRON SHELLS Electrons spin very quickly around the nucleus of an atom. Electrons spin around the atom in pathways called orbitals or shells. 

  17. ELECTRON SHELLS The innermost shell (or lowest energy level) is filled first, and each succeeding shell can only hold a certain number of electrons before it becomes full. a carbon atom's two electron shells

  18. atomic number the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

  19. atomic mass number  the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus

  20. atomic mass number 

  21. isotope an atom of one element that has a different number of neutrons than another atom of the same element

  22. isotope ATOMIC NUMBER ATOMIC MASS NUMBER

  23. isotope

  24. isotope EXAMPLES In this figure, the YELLOW particles are orbital electrons, the BLUE particles are neutrons and the RED particles are protons.

  25. ion • an atom or group of atoms • that has a positive or negative • electric charge • forms by atoms • gaining or losing • electrons

  26. NEUTRAL ATOM In a neutral atom (without an electric charge), the number of protons (positive charge) and the number of electrons (negative charge) are… EQUAL

  27. ion A POSITIVE ION is formed when an atom loses electrons (negative charges). Na+ = sodium loses 1 electron Ca2+ = calcium loses 2 electrons

  28. ion A NEGATIVE ION is formed when an atom gains electrons (negative charges). Cl-= chlorine gains 1 electron O2-= oxygen gains 2 electrons

  29. ion When an ion (a charged atom) is formed, the number of protons does not change.

More Related