Welcome to Environmental Science!

1. Welcome to Environmental Science! Instructor: Mr. Romanowski Office: Room 301 rpromanowski@cps.edu

2. Materials • 1” binder with 4 dividers • Composition book • 2 colored pens • Pencil • Your brain

4. Bell-Ringer(complete in your composition book) What makes a question testable (able to be answered by doing an experiment)? Think of 5 things the question must have. 1.______________________ 2.______________________ 3.______________________ 4._______________________ 5._______________________

5. Monday Sept 12, 2011 OBJECTIVES: AGENDA Review Scientific Process Review criteria for a testable question Write testable questions • Identify testable questions from non-testable questions • Write a testable question

7. Scientific ProcessWhere are we? • Select topic • Gather background information about topic • Write questions/select a testable question

8. Before you write a testable question, you need to know….

9. What makes a question testable? • It uses words like whether, when, where, what, how many, how much, and how often, rather than words like why. • It lists specific items that will be tested. • It describes the conditions under which to which to conduct the test. • It describes the criteria that will be used. • It can be tested using available resources.

10. Which is easier to test? • What is the importance of an opposable thumb for the ways in which humans use their hands? • Without using your thumbs, can you use a key to open a lock?

12. Pair Share Directions • With your table partner, decide if each of the 6 questions on the bottom of your handout are testable or not. • If not testable, rewrite into a testable question on your handout. • You have 7 minutes to complete this task.

13. Testable or Not? • How is bug blood different from human blood?

15. Testable or Not? 2. Why do your fingers wrinkle after you take a bath? How long does it take your fingers to wrinkle up while taking a bath?

16. Testable or Not? 3. Is rock music better than hip hop music? How many more people prefer rock music rather than hip hop? What is the effect of the type of music on a person’s mood?

17. Testable or Not? 4. Why does bright light cause someone to sneeze? Does a bright light make a person sneeze?

18. Testable or Not? 5. Do smells affect people’s moods?

19. Testable or Not? 6. Is vegetarianism better than eating meat? Who has better blood pressure vegetarians or meat eaters?

21. Summary(write on half sheet of paper) In a couple of sentences, summarize what makes a question testable?

23. Bell-ringer(4 minutes, composition book) Rewrite this question into a testable question. How does yeast change over time? Testable Question: How does the population of yeast change over a 45 minute period?

24. Tuesday Sept 13, 2011 OBJECTIVES: • Develop a testable question • Develop a hypothesis for your testable question • Understand the difference between independent & dependent variable • Begin writing a procedure AGENDA: • discuss BR • Write hypothesis • Independent vs. dependent variable • Write procedure HOMEWORK: • Write a procedure for making a peanut butter & jelly sandwich

26. The Process of Scientific Inquiry Topic Selection Get to know your topic better Choose a testable question to answer Predict the answer (Hypothesis)

27. Writing a hypothesis Independent Variable (what you are changing) Dependent variable (what you are measuring) "If _____[I do this] _____, then _____[this ]_____ will happen, because… • A educated guess about what is going to happen • It’s an educated guess because you have already completed your background research • Keep the variables in mind. The dependant and independent variables should be clearly stated • Make sure your hypothesis is "testable.“ • A hypothesis explains why you anticipate the outcome you have stated

28. Example of hypothesis "If a plant receives fertilizer, then it will grow to be bigger than a plant that does not receive fertilizer. This is likely to happen because… What are the independent and dependant variables? Independent variable = Dependent variable =

29. Re-write this into a hypothesis Ladybugs are a good natural pesticide for treating aphid infected plants. Hypothesis: If ladybugs are put on an aphid infected plant, then the population of aphids will decrease because ladybugs eat aphids and are a natural pesticide.

30. Let’s practice writing a hypothesis to our testable question!

32. Directions for Independent Work • Write a hypothesis to the testable question we came up with in the beginning of class. • You have 3 minutes to complete this task.

34. Directions for Pair/Share • With your partner share your hypothesis and make revisions if necessary. • You have 2 minutes to complete this task.

36. Let’s share your hypothesis! • If sugar is added to a yeast solution, then the population of yeast will increase because the yeast is feeding on sugar.

37. The Process of Scientific Inquiry Topic Selection Get to know your topic better Choose a testable question to answer Develop a way to answer the question (Procedure) Predict the answer (Hypothesis)

38. Writing Procedures 1. Should be very specific, telling the person exactly what to do. (The reader should be able to complete the experiment by reading your directions). 2. Steps should be written in complete sentences and numbered in sequential order. 3. Should be written in the 2nd person as if you are talking to the reader.

39. Summary • How would identify the dependentand independent variable in an experiment? Homework • Write a procedure for making a peanut butter and jelly sandwich

41. Bell-ringer(with the person on your left, 5 minutes) • Read your partner’s procedure for making a PB & J sandwich and do EXACTLY what they say, pretend like you are making the sandwich. • When finished, answer this question in your composition book: Did you find it easy or difficult to follow your partner’s directions? Explain why.

42. Wednesday September 14, 2011 OBJECTIVES: • Learn the features of a well-written procedure • Write a detailed procedure for your experiment AGENDA: • discuss BR • Review features of a procedure • Begin writing procedure HOMEWORK: • Finish writing procedure for yeast experiment in composition book.

43. Let’s try out some of your peanut butter and jelly procedures!

45. Writing Procedures 1. Should be very specific, telling the person exactly what to do. (The reader should be able to complete the experiment by reading your directions). 2. Steps should be written in complete sentences and numbered in sequential order. 3. Should be written in the 2nd person as if you are talking to the reader.

46. Let’s begin writing a procedure for the yeast experiment! (You should copy the steps in your composition book quietly)

47. MATERIALS (per group) • 1 Test tube • Stopwatch • Ruler in cm • Yeast • Sugar • Spatula • tray

48. PROCEDURE • obtain materials from teacher. • Put 1 scoop of yeast in a test tube of water using spatula. • Pour 2 scoops of sugar in with the yeast and water. • Put test tube cap on test tube and shake yeast solution up and down twice. Then take cap off.

49. PROCEDURE 5. Measure the initial height of the yeast solution in cm(be sure to measure from the bottom of the test tube to the top of the bubbles). Record data at 0 minutes in your data table in your composition book. 6. Hold the test tube in the palm of your hand for 4 minutes and then measure the total height of the bubbles after 4minutes and record in data table.

50. PROCEDURE