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Do Now

Do Now. A boy has Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). DMD is a sex linked disease (X chromosome). If he has children with a women who is not a carrier - can his sons and daughters have this disease?. DO Now.

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Do Now

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  1. Do Now • A boy has Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). DMD is a sex linked disease (X chromosome). If he has children with a women who is not a carrier - can his sons and daughters have this disease?

  2. DO Now • A boy is recessive for colorblindness (x linked trait). If he has children with someone who is a carrier for colorblindness what will the phenotype and genotypes look like.

  3. Homework Due Friday • Ecology Review for test • Chapter 3 pages 62-80 • Questions page 83 # 1- 10 • Questions 85 # 1-7

  4. Do Now • Cross a heterozygous tall pea plant with a homozygous short plant. What are the phenotypes and genotypes . • Cross GgTt xGgTt ( G = green gg = yellow • T=Tall tt= dwarf). List all possible combinations. Hint 9:3:3:1.

  5. AIM • Quiz on Punnett Squares • begin review for State of California Testing – Next Week! • Friday review and research “Biology Project!”

  6. What is a Virus? How is it different from Bacteria? • For one thing, they differ greatly in size. The biggest viruses are only as large as the tiniest bacteria. • Another difference is their structure. Bacteria are complex compared to viruses.

  7. Bacteria

  8. A virus may or may not have an outermost spiky layer called the envelope. All viruses have a protein coat and a core of genetic material, either DNA or RNA. And that's it. Period. Which brings us to the main difference between viruses and bacteria—the way they reproduce

  9. Reproduction • Viral vs. Bacterial Reproduction • Bacteria contain the genetic blueprint (DNA) and all the tools (ribosomes, proteins, etc.) they need to reproduce themselves. • Viruses are moochers. They contain only a limited genetic blueprint and they don't have the necessary building tools. They have to invade other cells and hijack their cellular machinery to reproduce. Viruses invade by attaching to a cell and injecting their genes or by being swallowed up by the cell.

  10. These are T4 bacteriophages (back-tear-e-oh-faj-es). They are a kind of virus that infects bacteria. Here they are landing on the surface of an E. coli bacterium.

  11. How to identify Prokaryotes? • Shape - Rod shaped are called bacilli. Spherical shaped are called cocci. Spirilla are shaped like corkscrew-shaped. • Cell Walls – some are thicker called Gram-positive. • Movement –

  12. Prokaryotes placed in two Kingdoms • Prokaryotes are divided into two groups • 1) Kingdom Eubacteria - Example, E. coli, they live in fresh water, on land, and within human body. They are surronded by cell wall that contains peptidoglycan – a carbohydrate.

  13. Archaebacteria • Second class of prokaryotes – they live in extreme conditions, example- hot springs, salt lakes and cow’s gut. • They lack peptidoglycan and the DNA sequences are more like those of eukaryotes than those of eubacteria.

  14. How do Prokaryotes get/make energy? • Heterotrophs - • Chemoheterotrophs take in organic molecules for energy and carbon. Are Humans chemoheterotrophs. • Photoheterotrophs – they photosynthesize but they also take in organic compounds.

  15. Autotrophs • Photoautotrophs – use light energy to convert Co2 And water to carbon compounds and oxygen.

  16. Interest Grabber What Viruses Mean to You Section 19-2 • If you have ever had a cold, you are probably familiar with the word virus. It is a word that makes most people frown. 1. What do you think of when you hear the word virus? Make a list of all the words you can think of that relate to viruses. 2. What are two things that you would like to find out about viruses?

  17. RNA DNA Head RNA Capsid Capsid proteins Tail sheath Tail fiber Surface proteins Membrane envelope Figure 19-9 Virus Structures Section 19-2 Tobacco Mosaic Virus T4 Bacteriophage Influenza Virus

  18. Figure 19-10 Lytic and Lysogenic Infections

  19. Figure 19-11 Viruses and Cells Section 19-2

  20. Interest Grabber Bacteria vs. Humans Section 19-3 • Bacteria are all around you—in the air you breathe, under your feet, on your skin, and even in your body! They may be tiny, but they can still have an impact on your life. • Use what you already know about bacteria to answer these questions.

  21. Common Diseases Caused by Bacteria Section 19-3 Disease Pathogen Prevention Regular dental hygiene Protection from tick bites Current tetanus vaccination Vaccination Proper food-handling practices Maintaining good health Clean water supplies Tooth decay Lyme disease Tetanus Tuberculosis Salmonella food poisoning Pneumonia Cholera Streptococcus mutans Borrelia burgdorferi Clostridium tetani Mycobacterium tuberculosis Salmonella enteritidis Streptococcus pneumoniae Vibrio cholerae

  22. Common Diseases Caused by Viruses Section 19-3 Type of Virus Nucleic Acid Disease Cancer Cancer, AIDS Respiratory infections Chickenpox Smallpox Oncogenic viruses Retrovirus Adenoviruses Herpesviruses Poxviruses DNA RNA DNA DNA DNA

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