Shakespeare’s Meter and Rhyme

1. Shakespeare’s Meter and Rhyme Making Shakespeare slightly less confusing… Hopefully.

2. METER • Shakespeare very frequently writes in what is called IAMBIC PENTAMETER. • Penta means “five”, so pentameter means that every line has five beats. • An “Iamb” is a way to explain what parts of a word or phrase are stressed when spoken. An Iamb represents when you have an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable: • Hello, attack, reduce, return, destroy

3. My Mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun • Read the above line. Notice how you naturally say the bolded syllables with more stress than everything else? You may not realize it, but where you put the stress on a word makes a difference. Try saying the word “Jello” to yourself. See how the stress is on the first syllable? Try putting the stress at the end. Try saying “Jello tasty in my belly” with the stress at the end of each word instead of the beginning. • After you explain to everyone around you who is now giving you a weird stare that you’re not an absolute idiot, you’re able to realize that syllable patterns create rhythm! In the above line, every other syllable is stressed. Shakespeare didn’t write 154 sonnets of 14 lines each (2156 lines) like this on accident. He very carefully crafted them this way.

4. My Mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun • When you have an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable, you call that an “Iamb”. Since there are five total iambs in the above line, we say that it is in pentameter. “Penta” means five and “meter” means, uh, well, meter. Together you get iambic pentameter! Lets look at that line one more time, this time split into iambs:My Mistress’ eyesare nothing likethe sun • Obviously poetry scanning is a lot more complex than this, but if you understand what Iambic pentameter is, you will have an easier time with Shakespeare.

5. Iambic Pentameter Check: • So foul and fair a day I have not seen

6. Iambic Pentameter Check: • So foul and fair a day I have not seen • Yes, it’s Iambic Pentameter!

7. Iambic Pentameter Check 2: • Eye of newt and toe of frog

8. Iambic Pentameter Check 2: • Eye of newt and toe of frog • No… Notice that the stress comes before the unstressed syllables in this line. Also notice that there are only four stressed syllables, not five. • This would be called Trochaic Tetrameter, but you don’t need to know that.

9. Iambic Pentameter Check 3: • Soulja Boy off in this oh • Watch me crank it, watch me roll • Watch me crank dat, Soulja Boy • Then Superman dat oh

10. Iambic Pentameter Check 3: • SouljaBoy off in this oh • Watch me crank it, watch me roll • Watch me crankdat, SouljaBoy • Then Supermandatoh • …No, it’s not Iambic Pentameter, but it does have a meter! Most good songs have meter because meter is rhythm.

11. Group Work… • In groups of 3-4 people, look at the poem that you have been given. You will have to analyze and identify the stress and stress pattern of the entire poem, going line by line. • When you have finished, you have to decide if it is Iambic Pentameter or something else.

12. Rhyme Time! • Rhyme is defined as “Correspondence of sound between words or the endings of words”. • Basically, it means two words end with the same sound. • “I wanted to say hey, • But you died yesterday” • Hey and yesterday rhyme because they have the same sound. It’s pretty obvious and easy.

13. Understanding the Rhyme of Shakespeare • One of Shaskespeare’s most famous forms of writing is the sonnet. All sonnets have 14 lines, but they also have a very specific rhyme scheme, which is a pattern of rhymes in a poem. • When talking about rhyme schemes, we almost exclusively look at the end of every line of poetry. Whatever that final sound is in every line is going to be the “rhyme”. • Just take a look at this piece of eloquent and well-thought-out poetry from Eminem and Rihanna’s “Love the Way you Lie”:Just gonna stand there and watch me burn AWell that's alright because I like the way it hurts AJust gonna stand there and hear me cry BWell, that's alright because I love the way you lie B If you read the A’s and B’s out loud, pat yourself on the back for officially failing at life and making Shakespeare cry in his grave. Those are to label the rhyme scheme. The first two lines rhyme with each other, so we call that sound the “A” sound. The next two lines are different, but they rhyme with one another, so we call them the “B” sound.

14. Rhyme practice: • I play the street lifeBecause there's no place I can goStreet lifeIt's the only life I knowStreet lifeAnd there's a thousand cards to playStreet lifeUntil you play your life away

15. Rhyme practice: • I play the street life ABecause there's no place I can go BStreet life AIt's the only life I know BStreet life AAnd there's a thousand cards to play CStreet life AUntil you play your life away C

16. Rhyme Practice 2: • Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer's lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimm'd; And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd;

17. Rhyme Practice 2: • Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? AThou art more lovely and more temperate: BRough winds do shake the darling buds of May, AAnd summer's lease hath all too short a date: BSometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, CAnd often is his gold complexion dimm'd; DAnd every fair from fair sometime declines, CBy chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd; D

18. Back to groups… • Now in your groups look at the same poem. Label the rhyme scheme of the entire poem.

19. Review… Mini Quiz! • 1. What does “Penta” mean? • 2. Which two of these words is an Iamb: Savior, Killer, Hello, Corvette, Burger • 3. What is a rhyme scheme? • 4. What form of poetry is Shakespeare famous for? • 5. What country is Shakespeare from? …