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硼碳硅氮磷

硼碳硅氮磷. 鉴定和鉴别 鉴定:利用其唯一性质与其它物质区别; 鉴别:利用物质间性质差异区别。 物质的酸碱性. 水中花园的生长原理. 硅酸盐在晶体表面沉淀,包覆晶体: M 2+ + SiO 3 2- = MSiO 3  形成半透膜:不溶性硅酸盐具有半透膜性质,水、离子可以自由出入。 浓度梯度与扩散:液体由浓度高的往浓度低的扩散。固体不可能扩散 压力:由于液体水进入包覆空间内,内压增大; 迸裂:包覆体耐不住高压而迸裂,产生新的晶体表面; 重复昨天的故事。. 实验中的问题. 硼酸的酸性与配酸 ( 与多元醇反应 ) 、

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硼碳硅氮磷

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  1. 硼碳硅氮磷 • 鉴定和鉴别 • 鉴定:利用其唯一性质与其它物质区别; • 鉴别:利用物质间性质差异区别。 • 物质的酸碱性

  2. 水中花园的生长原理 • 硅酸盐在晶体表面沉淀,包覆晶体: M2+ + SiO32- = MSiO3 • 形成半透膜:不溶性硅酸盐具有半透膜性质,水、离子可以自由出入。 • 浓度梯度与扩散:液体由浓度高的往浓度低的扩散。固体不可能扩散 • 压力:由于液体水进入包覆空间内,内压增大; • 迸裂:包覆体耐不住高压而迸裂,产生新的晶体表面; • 重复昨天的故事。

  3. 实验中的问题 • 硼酸的酸性与配酸(与多元醇反应)、 B(OH)3 + H2O = B(OH)4- + H+ B(OH)3 + 2HOCH2CH2OH = B(OCH2CH2O)2- + 3H2O + H+ • 硼砂珠试验:2NaBO2.B2O3 • CO32-的检验事先为试管配好导管和塞;Na2CO3的浓度改为0.5mol/L 。 • 检NH4+最好用奈氏试剂 • 棕色环反应(防振荡):Fe2+ + NO = Fe(NO)2+ (NO3-, NO2-均有棕色,但后者可以用尿素或铵盐消除干扰(2NO2- + CO(NH2)2 + 2H+ = N2 + CO2+ 3H2O)

  4. 相关反应方程式 1、 B(OH)3 + H2O = B(OH)4- + H+ B(OH)3 + 2HOCH2CHOHCH2OH = B(OCH2CHOCH2OH)2- + 3H2O + H+ B4O72- + 2H+ + 5H2O = 4B(OH)3 2Co(NO3)2.6H2O = 2CoO + 4NO2  + O2  + 12H2O Na2B4O7 + CoO = 2NaBO2.Co(BO2)2 2、CO32- + 2H+ = H2O + CO2  CO2 + Ba(OH)2 = BaCO3 + H2O 3、SiO32- + H2O = HSiO3- + OH- M2+ + SiO32- = MSiO3 4、NH4+ + OH- = NH3  + H2O NH3 + H2O = NH4+ + OH- NH3 + 2[HgI4]2- + 3OH- = [HgONH2Hg]I +7I- + 2H2O

  5. 相关反应方程式 • 5、3Cu + 8HNO3 = 2Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O 4Zn + 10HNO3 = 4Zn(NO3)2 + NH4NO3 + 3H2O • 6、NO2- + H+ = HNO2 HNO2 = H2O + N2O3(NO + NO2) 2NO2- + 4H+ + 2I- = 2NO + I2 + 2H2O 5NO2- + 6H+ + 2MnO4- = 5NO3- + 2Mn2+ + 3H2O • 7、3Fe2+ + 4H+ + NO3- = 3Fe3+ + NO + 2H2O Fe2+ + NO = [FeNO]2+ Fe2+ + NO2- + 2HAc = Fe3++ NO + 2Ac- + H2O

  6. 相关反应方程式 • 8、PO43- + H2O = HPO42- + OH- HPO42- + H2O = H2PO4- + OH- H2PO4- + H2O = HPO42- + H3O+ Ca2+ + PO43- = Ca3(PO4)2 Ca2+ + HPO42- = CaHPO4  Ca2+ + H2PO4- = CaHPO4  + H+ 9、PO43- + 6H2O + 3NH4+ + 12MoO42- = (NH4)3PMo12O40.6H2O

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