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ITU Structure and Radio Astronomy

ITU Structure and Radio Astronomy . Masatoshi Ohishi NAOJ. http://www.itu.int/. Members of the ITU. Member States (190) Administrations Sector Members such as private companies (more than 650) Regional Groups International Organizations such as IUCAF. Regional Groups. CEPT – Europe

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ITU Structure and Radio Astronomy

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  1. ITU Structureand Radio Astronomy Masatoshi Ohishi NAOJ RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  2. http://www.itu.int/ RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  3. RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  4. Members of the ITU • Member States (190)Administrations • Sector Members such as private companies (more than 650) • Regional Groups • International Organizations such as IUCAF RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  5. Regional Groups • CEPT – Europe • CITEL – North and South America • APT – Asia-Pacific region • Arab group • African group  They prepare common proposals for WRC agenda items. RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  6. Structure of the ITU-R RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  7. RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  8. RA frequency groups • IUCAF : IAU + URSI + COSPAR • Europe -- CRAF Committee for Radio Astronomy Frequencies • US -- CORF Committee on Radio Frequencies • AP region -- RAFCAP RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  9. Convention & RR • ITU Convention international treaty • Radio Regulations associated with the ITU convention treaty status used for international coordinations RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  10. Regions 1, 2 & 3 RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  11. Radio Astronomy Service 1.58 radio astronomy service:A service involving the use ofradio astronomy. Historically RAS was restricted to ground- based one. Now RAS includes space-based observations. RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  12. Footnote # of Radio Regulation Radio Astronomy in ITU 1.13 radio astronomy:Astronomy based on the reception ofradio waves of cosmic origin. 1.5 radio waves or hertzian waves:Electromagnetic waves of frequencies arbitrarily lower than 3000 GHz, propagated in space without artificial guide. RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  13. RAS ≠ radiocommunication 1.3 telecommunication:Any transmission, emission or reception of signs, signals, writings, images and sounds or intelligence of any nature by wire, radio, optical or other electromagnetic systems (CS). 1.138 emission:Radiation produced, or the production of radiation, by a radio transmitting station. 1.137 radiation:The outward flow of energy from any source in the form of radio waves. 1.6 radiocommunication:Telecommunication by means of radio waves (CS) (CV). RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  14. RAS ≠ radiocommunication 1.7 terrestrial radiocommunication:Any radiocommunication otherthan space radiocommunication or radio astronomy. 1.8 space radiocommunication:Any radiocommunication involving the use of one or more space stations or the use of one or more reflecting satellites or other objects in space. RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  15. RAS as radiocommunication 4.6 For the purpose of resolving cases of harmful interference, the radio astronomy service shall be treated as a radiocommunication service. However, protection from services in other bands shall be afforded the radio astronomy service only to the extent that such services are afforded protection from each other. RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  16. RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  17. World Radiocommunication Conference • New allocations, new regulations, etc., are discussed and adopted based on national and regional proposals. • Study Groups, Working Parties consider technical aspects of agenda items for WRCs. RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  18. Study Cycle (~4years) Agenda Items WRC; Admins. CPM report Adopt Radio Regulations CPM; Experts Study Groups Exchange info Assign AIs Draft CPM report WPs, TGs RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  19. Study Groups • drafting Technical bases for Radiocommunication Conferences • developing Draft Recommendations • compiling Handbooks RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  20. Study Groups SG 1:Spectrum Management SG 3:Radio Wave Propagation SG 4:Satellite Services SG 5:Terrestrial Services SG 6:Broadcasting Service SG 7:Science Services SC: Special Committee RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  21. Working Parties • Study Groups are organized into Working Parties and Task Groups • Deal with specific aspects of Study Group work • Issues related with multiple SGs  Joint WPs, Joint TGs RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  22. SG 1 WP 1A : Spectrum engineering techniques WP 1B : Spectrum management methodologies WP 1C : Spectrum monitoring (TG 1/9 : Compatibility between different passive and active services) RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  23. SG 3 WP 3J Propagation fundamentals WP 3K Point-to-area propagation WP 3L Ionospheric propagation WP 3M Point-to-point and Earth- space propagation RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  24. SG 4 WP 4A : Efficient orbit / spectrum utilization WP 4B : Systems, air interfaces, performance and availability objectives for FSS, BSS and MSS, including IP-based applications and satellite news gathering WP 4C : All mobile-satellite services and radiodetermination-satellite service RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  25. SG5 (WPs) WP 5A: Land mobile service excluding IMT, amateur and amateur-satellite service WP 5B: Maritime mobile service including Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS), aeronautical mobile service and radiodetermination service WP 5C: Fixed wireless systems, HF systems in the Fixed and Land Mobile Services WP 5D: IMT Systems JTG 5-6: Studies on the use of the band 790-862 MHz by mobile applications and by other services RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  26. SG 6 (WPs) WP 6D: Broadcasting delivery, excluding the RF system and spectrum aspects of the BSS WP 6G: Generation of broadcasting services, including technologies for content signal creation, production and quality control WP 6X: Access to broadcasting services, including converged services, multimedia, interactivity and service requirements JTG 5-6: - Studies on the use of the band 790-862 MHz by mobile applications and by other services RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  27. SG 7 WP 7A : Time signals and frequency standard emissions WP 7B : Space radio systems WP 7C : Earth-exploration satellite systems and meteorological elements WP 7D: Radio Astronomy RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  28. Documents • Input Documents from Member States, Sector Members and International Organizations, etc. (White) • Liaison Statements from other WPs, TGs, etc. (White) • Output Documents (Yellow) • Administrative Documents (Green/Blue) RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  29. Contributions from Member States, etc. Liaison Statements From other Groups Chairman’s Report Consider input Documents WPs, TGs, SGs, etc. Contributions To Parent SG Such as DNRs Liaison Statements To other Groups Documents carried on Chairman’s report RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  30. ITU Web page • http://www.itu.int/ top page • http://www.itu.int/ITU-R/ Submitted documents appear on the Web. You need a TIES account to download files. RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  31. Recommendations The ITU-R Recommendations provide a body of technical, operational and regulatory / procedural information that has been agreed upon by the participating administrations. RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  32. Question PDNR Agenda Item DNR Production of Recs. Working Party Task Group Study based on contributions APPROVE Study Group ADOPT Administration New Rec VOTE RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  33. How to Name Recs Recommendation ITU-R RA.769-2 RA:Radio Astronomy 769: sequential number -2 : Revision number RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  34. ITU-R Recommendations BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management SNG Satellite news gathering TF Time signals and frequency standards emissions V Vocabulary and related subjects RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  35. RA series Recs RA.1750 Mutual planning between the Earth exploration-satellite service (active) and the radio astronomy service in the 94 GHz and 130 GHz bands RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  36. Current Frequency Allocations 9 kHz – 275 GHz < 9 kHz : 5.53 Administrations authorizing the use of frequencies below 9 kHz shall ensure that no harmful interference is caused thereby to the services to which the bands above 9 kHz are allocated. 5.54 Administrations conducting scientific research using frequencies below 9kHz are urged to advise other administrations that may be concerned in order that such research may be afforded all practicable protection from harmful interference. RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  37. Secondary Primary alloc. direction footnotes RAS RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  38. Primary & Secondary Services a) services the names of which are printed in “capitals” (example: FIXED); these are called “primary” services; b) services the names of which are printed in “normal characters” (example: Mobile); these are called “secondary” services. Stations of a secondary service: a)shall not cause harmful interference to stations of primary services to which frequencies are already assigned or to which frequencies may be assigned at a later date; b)cannot claim protection from harmful interferencefrom stations of a primary service to which frequencies are already assigned or may be assigned at a later date; c)can claim protection, however, from harmful interference from stations of the same or other secondary service(s) to which frequencies may be assigned at a later date. RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  39. Allocation > 275 GHz • No allocation at present (only footnote 5.565) • Revision of FN 5.565 – agenda for WRC-2011 (up to 3000 GHz) RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  40. RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  41. 5.565The frequency band 275-1000 GHz may be used by administrations for experimentation with, and development of, various active and passive services. In this band a need has been identified for the following spectral line measurements for passive services: –radio astronomy service: 275‑323GHz, 327‑371GHz, 388‑424GHz, 426‑442GHz, 453‑510GHz, 623‑711GHz, 795‑909GHz and 926-945 GHz; – Earth exploration-satellite service (passive) and space research service (passive): 275-277 GHz, 294‑306GHz, 316‑334GHz, 342‑349GHz, 363‑365GHz, 371‑389GHz, 416‑434GHz, 442‑444GHz, 496‑506GHz, 546‑568GHz, 624‑629GHz, 634‑654GHz, 659‑661GHz, 684‑692GHz, 730‑732GHz, 851‑853GHz and 951‑956GHz. Future research in this largely unexplored spectral region may yield additional spectral lines and continuum bands of interest to the passive services. Administrations are urged to take all practicable steps to protect these passive services from harmful interference until the date when the allocation Table is established in the above-mentioned frequency band.(WRC‑2000) RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  42. RA bands defined in ITU • Frequency usages are regulated in ITU • RA bands  rights to be protected RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  43. Where are RA bands ? RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  44. Shared RA bands In many RA bands, other services are also allocated. • INTERFERENCE!? It is necessary to coordinate between RAS and other services. RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  45. Adjacent to RA bands In many cases, there are satellite services (FSS, MSS, BSS, etc) in downlink !! RA can not avoid interference by choosing sites. RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  46. Iridium Satellites Max hold 1 min IF output 5dB/div 1450-1950 MHz RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  47. Observed Interference at CRL RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  48. Interference by GSOs 21cm obs. at Bonn GSOs RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  49. Radio Frequency Interference • Radio contaminations by artificial transmission (Telecomm., Radar, etc.) • Serious Problem for low-frequency RA observations • RFI will occur in higher frequencies RAFCAP meeting in Pune

  50. Necessary bandwidth 1.152 necessary bandwidth:For a given class of emission, the width of the frequency band which is just sufficient to ensure the transmission of information at the rate and with the quality required under specified conditions. RAFCAP meeting in Pune

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