Jefferson’s Presidency

1. Jefferson’s Presidency American Pageant- Chapter 11

2. The Beginning of Mudslinging • Election of 1800 • Adams vs. Jefferson- Part 2

3. Allegations? (p225) Democratic- Republicans (Jefferson) Federalists (Adams) • Adultery • Fathered mulatto children- with his slave (Sally Hemings) • Liberal religious views = atheism • Military build-up but no war • Large national debt • Taxes

4. You Decide….. Was the Revolution of 1800 aptly named? Do you think it was really a revolution? Why or why not? Write your answer on a sheet of paper to turn in.

5. Bloodless Revolution • First exchange of power in the US • Bloodless exchange- no rebellion, no revolution, quiet exchange from one President to another • Changeover from Federalist to Dem-Republican • Showcased their democratic spirit and the true difference between America and European nations • As a result of the election, the Federalist Party practically disappeared

6. COMPARE….. …….. the inaugurations of the Federalist Presidents to that of Jefferson.

7. Legislative Changes • Sedition Acts expired in 1801 • Alien Act was replaced by the Naturalization Act of 1802. Residency requirement reduced to 5 years (from 14). • Excise tax was repealed- strained the agrarian society of the South and West too much. • Government lost $$ annually.

8. Military • Reduced the size of the navy • Nearly eliminated the army • No need for a standing army in peacetime • Navy only to defend ships along US coastline

9. Barbary Pirates • Bribes paid to them to allow unrestricted shipping in the Mediterranean Sea. • Barbary Coast of Africa- Northern Africa • Jefferson refused to pay them • Fighting between US ships and Barbary states until a treaty was made.

10. Judiciary Act of 1801 • Signed by John Adams at the “last hour” of his Presidency • Created 16 new federal judgeships • “Packing the Courts” with Federalist judges • Known as the “midnight judges” • Led to the famous case Marbury v. Madison • Marshall Court

11. Chief Justice John Marshall Read the document provided on Marbury v Madison. Answer questions 1,2,5

12. European Interactions • France and Spain = cession of trans-Mississippi Louisiana and New Orleans to France • Pinckney’s Treaty become invalid- loss of navigation and warehousing rights- affects western farmers most. • Jefferson concerned about fighting Napoleon to regain access.

13. Louisiana Purchase • Robert Livingston and James Monroe • 1803 • Intended to purchase New Orleans and any surrounding land they could for up to $10 million • Napoleon sold the entire Louisiana Territory for $15 million. WHY?

14. Napoleon • Lost Haiti during a rebellion led by Toussaint L’Ouverture = no need for Louisiana’s food supplies • Wanted/Needed $$$ to defeat British • Feared a British and American alliance if he didn’t negotiate a deal. • Louisiana Purchase = 1803= doubled the size of the United States

15. Conflict of Conscience • Jefferson = strict constructionist • Purchase of land was not a Presidential “duty” listed in the Constitution • Jefferson wanted to expand farmable land • Lead to his dream of an agrarian society

17. Corps of Discovery • Lewis and Clark • Translator Sacajawea • 1804 • Explored land in the West, all the way to the Pacific coast • Notebooks containing maps, flora and fauna, Indian tribes • Helped the East to have a better understanding of the West

18. William Clark Meriwether Lewis

19. Notebooks of Meriwether Lewis

20. Corps of Discovery Map

21. Treason?? • Aaron Burr • 2 attempts to lead a section of the US to break away from the nation • New York • West • Plots were discovered BOTH times • Scheme in the West led to him being tried for TREASON- not guilty • Spent rest of life in Europe

22. Death of Hamilton

23. British- France War • Impact on the US??? • Trade • Impressment

24. Loss of neutral trading rights British France • Orders in Council- Britain closed European ports (under French control) to all imports and exports • Caveat- ships let through if they went to Britain first • Napoleon retaliated • Seizure of all ships entering British ports US has no way to trade- hurts economy

25. Impressment • British impressment of American sailors • Chesapeake incident • Off the coast of VA • Fighting ensued between Chesapeake and British ship • Injury and death of American sailors

26. The Chesapeake Affair

27. Jefferson Responds • Embargo Act (1807) • Hated!!! • Jefferson forbade all trade with England and France (included ports outside of these nations) • Goal: hurt the economy of both nations causing them to leave us alone • Avoid war with both nations

28. Impact on the US • Hurt New England- shipbuilding, port trade, merchants • Hurt South- nowhere to export foodstuff (agricultural products) • Dambargo • Mobrage • Go Bar ‘Em • O Grab Me

30. Changing Tactics • Repeal of the Embargo Act in 1809 • Replacement by the Non-Importation Act • Reopened trade with everyone EXCEPT England and France

31. End of Jefferson’s President • At the conclusion of his 2nd term, Jefferson chose to follow Washington’s precedent of only two terms. • Endorsed James Madison for the election of 1808

32. ASSIGNMENT • Read “Case Study- The Embargo Act of 1807..”