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Diurnal Changes in Forage Quality Affects Animal Preference, Intake, Performance

Diurnal Changes in Forage Quality Affects Animal Preference, Intake, Performance. Hank Mayland, Dave Mertens and Bret Taylor USDA-ARS Kimberly, ID; Madison, WI; Dubois, ID Pablo Gregorini, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina Joe Burns, Dwight Fisher, Tony Ciavarella,

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Diurnal Changes in Forage Quality Affects Animal Preference, Intake, Performance

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  1. Diurnal Changes in Forage Quality Affects Animal Preference, Intake, Performance Hank Mayland, Dave Mertens and Bret Taylor USDA-ARS Kimberly, ID; Madison, WI; Dubois, ID Pablo Gregorini, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina Joe Burns, Dwight Fisher, Tony Ciavarella, Kevin Smith, Glenn Shewmaker, Tom Griggs Dec 2005

  2. PM-Cut HayIs it For Me ?

  3. Diurnal Cycling of TNC • 1. In forages • 2. Animal preference PM-AM cut hay • 3. Animal production PM-AM cut hay • 4. Animal production: strip grazed pasture • 5. Economic response to PM-cut hay • 6. Other benefits

  4. Photosynthesis = CO2 + H2O chlorophyll O2 + Sugar Day Night TNC Sunup Sundown Time

  5. Variety Differences in TNC. TNC Sunup Sundown Time

  6. Relative Quality and Intake3-cuttings alfalfa, Kimberly, ID

  7. Cattle Preferences

  8. Preference Testing • Forage species • Fescue, p/a ryegrass, orchard grass, bromegrass oat hay, etc. • Corn, switch grass, sudangrass. • Legumes: alfalfa, several clovers • Animal species • Ruminants – cattle, sheep, goats • Non Ruminants – horses, rabbits

  9. Preference for PM/AM-cut Hay • Cattle, sheep, goats, horses, rabbits sense hays differing by 0.5% sugar concentrations

  10. Dairy Cow Lactation

  11. Milk Production

  12. Sheep Growth

  13. Growth Study • Lambs at USSES being conditioned for fall breeding were fed TMRs containing 50% PM- or AM-cut alfalfa. • Lambs adapted more quickly to the PM-than AM- TMR by consuming more of the stem material. • No overall difference in DMI, feed efficiency, or weight gains.

  14. Pasture – Strip Grazing

  15. Heifer Weight Gains (lbs/d) in 24 h Strip Graze System

  16. Ensiled Materials

  17. Protein Degradation & Ensiling • Alfalfa and red clover (Owens et al) • TNC increased throughout the day • Silage pH decreased and starch increased with cutting time • Success in ensiling forages like alfalfa

  18. When Do I Cut? TNC Sunup Sundown Time

  19. Impact on ½ of Crop on Western US Alfalfa and Dairy Industry • 5% increased forage value = $100,000,000+ • Reducted NDF: $2.40-3.40/ton for each 1% = $44 to 62 m annually. • Increased RFQ: $0.90/ton for each 1% = $127 m annually. • Increased milk production 5% at $13/cwt = $276 m annually.

  20. Benefits of Feeding Afternoon vs. Morning Cut Forage • > Rate of passage • > DM intake and digestibility • > Efficiency of forage utilization • > Efficiency of protein utilization • > Increased energy intake for production --------------------------------------------------------- < Ammonia excreted < Manure excreted

  21. Summary • Sugars increase during day in plants • Herbivores can detect sweeter forage • Expect 5%+ increased milk production in western U.S.

  22. Isn’t it astonishing that all these secrets have been preserved for so many years just so that we could discover them.Orville Wright, 17 Dec. 1903

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