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Tuberculosis Case Detection and Diagnosis Trends in Japan

Explore the trends in newly registered tuberculosis cases, treatment outcomes, and challenges in detection and diagnosis in Japan. The data includes information on pulmonary and extrapulmonary cases, tuberculosis deaths, treatment without registration, and more.

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Tuberculosis Case Detection and Diagnosis Trends in Japan

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  1. Case notification/100 000

  2. Case notification/100 000 s+

  3. Case notification/100 000 s+

  4. Case notification in 2002 number per 100 000 Newly registered cases : 32828 25.8 Newly registered pulmonary cases : 26472 20.8 Newly registered S+ cases 11933 9.4 Newly registered S+ new cases 10807 8.5 Newly registered bacillary confirmed 5601 4.4 (Smear negative) Extrapulmonary 6356 5.0 TB death 2316 1.8

  5. Case detection estimates 1. Proportion of registered case among those that were treated with health insurance system : 94% by a study in Ibaragi in 1980s. 2. In the area with death with TB registration was 157 (Aichi prefecture), another 29 dead cases without registration were suspected to be active TB by medical record and 3 among these 29 were bacillary confirmed TB. 3. In Tokyo metropolitan area, where around 300 persons die with TB per one year, 86 persons was detected to have died with TB at autopsy (autopsy was done as cause was unknown) during 27 months period (38/year). The coverage of TB will be more than 80% but not confirmed.

  6. Case detection TB cases Diagnosed TB cases (diagnosed and treated) Undiagnosed Treated with health insurance without registration Treated without health insurance without registration Self cure Die = Gyosei-kaibo (autopsy) Health Centre cure TB death, unregistered Surveillance (individual data) Demographic data, death certificate

  7. Case detection TB cases Diagnosed TB cases (diagnosed and treated) Undiagnosed ? Treated with health insurance without registration Treated without health insurance without registration Self cure register Die = Shiho-kaibo (autopsy) 0.05 ? Health Centre cure 0.01? report TB death, unregistered 0.1 0.015-0.02 ? 1 Surveillance (individual data) Demographic data, death certificate

  8. Treatment outcome S+ new 1998 cohort Cure 996 (44.8%) Complete 635 (28.6%) Failure or suspected failure 38 ( 1.8%) Die TB 117 (5.9%) non TB 101 (5.1%) unknown reason 58 (3.0%) Lost 126 (5.7%) Transfer out, unknown 117 (5.3%) The routine reporting system of cohort result is NOT reliable because of the failure of standardization of treatment regimen.

  9. HIV prevalence among blood donors No reliable HIV surveillance among TB cases exists.

  10. Other information 1. Tuberculin survey : does not exists. 2. Analytical problems * Non reduction of TB in some big cities until 2000. (Osaka, Kawasaki) * Proportion of old generation is significant. * Proportion of foreigner is 2.5%. (Among TB in 20s, 12%)

  11. 大都市の結核罹患率の推移 都 （参考） 注：１９９８年は旧分類、新分類併記 結核登録者に関する定期報告、結核発生動向調査年報集計結果、厚生労働省 TB cases in big cities are decreasing less rapidly

  12. Many cases are old generation

  13. Proportion of foreigners

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