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Eco-Towns

Eco-Towns. What is an Eco-Town?. A sustainable development work towards “zero-carbon” status. Features of an ecotown:. environmental approaches to managing waste green spaces to enhance biodiversity construction practices that minimize waste

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Eco-Towns

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  1. Eco-Towns

  2. What is an Eco-Town? • A sustainable development • work towards “zero-carbon” status

  3. Features of an ecotown: • environmental approaches to managing waste • green spaces to enhance biodiversity • construction practices that minimize waste • incorporates high efficiency and reuse for water

  4. Features of an eco-town: • well designed, attractive places to work and live • utilize a well developed infrastructure

  5. Features of an eco-town: • Have transit links, as well as standard roads, that connect them to surrounding cities • Have long term plans for sustainability and specific, achievable targets

  6. Planning Example Housing Green Space Clean Industry Vehicle parking Pedestrian Areas Neighbourhood Centres

  7. Eco-Towns: United Kingdom • New towns of 5-20,000 homes • Objective: provide affordable housing • At least 30-50% must be affordable housing

  8. Eco-Towns: UK • All homes must be within a 10 minute walk of public transport • Emphasis on public transportation and HOV • Parks, playgrounds & gardens make up 40% of the town

  9. Eco-Towns: UK • Must have a wide range of local facilities • Must appoint a group to oversee and manage the town, as well as its development

  10. Eco-Towns: UK • Need to include plug-ins for electric vehicles • Must encourage work from home by building live/work units and local technological resource centres (e-centres)

  11. What makes eco-towns in the UK CED? • Enable greater community ownership and management of assets • Encourage participation in cultural and recreational activities (as a town) • National government is making them largely self-governed, owned and operated

  12. Why Eco-Towns? (UK) • Housing demand outstrips supply annually in Britain • Homes have become increasingly unaffordable • Government wants to utilize “brownfield” land

  13. Why Eco-Towns? (UK) • New towns can deliver affordable housing faster • More than ¼ of all British carbon dioxide emissions are produced by homes

  14. Funding for UK Eco-Towns • Governments provides education, health care and social services • Government funds initial start-up and planning • Long term funding is expected to be almost entirely from the private sector

  15. Management, Delivery & Planning • Government will establish a “stakeholder reference group” to bring together experts in sustainable development • Government wants to minimize planning delays and will expedite the process for those with a clear plan, funding and available sites

  16. UK Examples: Northstowe • 9500 homes built on an old army barracks • Intended to include: secondary school, 6 primary schools, a civic hub and a local business district • Local business district will provide 5000 jobs along with shopping and leisure facilities

  17. UK Examples: Northstowe • Solar water heat, photovoltaic panels (solar) for micro-generation • £100 million in funding is from the government for a guided bus plan • £5 million in funding from the government for advanced infrastructure developments

  18. UK Eco-Towns: Northstowe

  19. Eco-Town Criticisms: UK • National government may usurp the power of local authorities, could lead to corruption • Initially not linked to surrounding developments, which increases vehicle dependency

  20. Eco-Town Criticisms: UK • Opponents claim some sites are not eco-friendly • e located on pristine countryside, not brownfields

  21. European Eco-Towns • Have long been in practice in the countries such as Sweden and Germany • Most started in the 1970’s with the dawn of environmental conservatorship

  22. Eco-Town: Vauban, Germany • Founded in 1970’s on the ground of an old army barracks, by nuclear power protesters • 5000 homes built and 600 jobs created • Nearby Freiburg is a University town • CED: local decision making and planning

  23. Eco-Town: Vauban, Germany • Nearly 50% of households are car free, many belong to a €600 per year car share program • A parking spot costs €20,000 per year and is on the outskirts of town • Vauban is linked to Freiburg by a railway, tramline, main road and two bus routes

  24. Eco-Town: Vauban, Germany • Houses are attached and are 4 stories (maximum) • Houses were built in housing blocks to maximize urban density

  25. Eco-Town: Vauban, Germany • Most homes generate more power than they use, so power is sold back to the national grid • Homes are “passive”

  26. Eco-Town: Vauban, Germany

  27. Japanese Eco-Towns • To date, there are 19 eco-towns in Japan, with more approved for future

  28. Eco-Town: Kitakyushu, Japan • Founded in 1987, Japan’s first eco-town project • It is a 2000 hectare industrial park , located on reclaimed land, which was previously a landfill and port

  29. Eco-Town: Kitakyushu • Founded to help clean up the heavily polluted air and Dokai Bay • Once known as “the Gray City” and is now known as “the Green City” Dokia Bay, 1960’s Dokai Bay, Present Day

  30. Kitakyushu: Two Objectives • To stimulate the economy by nurturing the growth of environmental industries that take advantage of industrial capabilities • To create an integrated system in harmony with the environment and to involve industry, the public sector and consumers with the goal of creating a recycling-oriented region

  31. Eco-Town: Kitakyushu • The Industrial eco-town consists of 3 zones: • Comprehensive Industrial Complex • The Practical Research Area • The Hibiki Recycling Area

  32. Eco-Town: Kitakyushu • With a focus on industrial recycling, corporations in the region have become the largest financial contributors • Corporations fund the construction of recycling plants specific to their industry • For example, the Nishi-Nippon PET bottle recycling plant, built by Nippon Steel and Mitsui & Co.

  33. Eco-Town: Kitakyushu • The project is so successful it now has a large pool of resources to collect from • Demand for the products they produce is growing • The surrounding town enjoys the spillover effects from improved air, water and infrastructure

  34. Eco-Towns: Conclusions • Must be planned and implemented with the involvement of surrounding communities • Should have a public-private partnership, with long-term funding primarily from private sources

  35. Eco-Town: Conclusions • Should continually search for new technologies • innovative techniques to lower consumption • Should put energy back into the national grid • Independent environmental agencies should monitor eco-town’s use of energy over time to ensure standards are met

  36. Eco-Towns: Conclusions • Should be located on a site in need of revitalizing and/or clean up • Must be based on environmentally sustainable, long-term town planning • They are a sustainable way forward for urban growth globally, both for residential and industrial communities

  37. The End

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