Ch 3 US hist

1. Ch 3 US hist

2. Albany Plan of Union • “Join or Die” Ben Franklin • 1754 Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania and Rhode Island met in Albany, New York to discuss the issues over the trading issues and the threat of the French and the French’s allies the Indians.

3. Ben Franklin proposed that each of the thirteen colonies choose a delegate and these 13 delegates would have the authority to raise a militia and navel forces, regulate trade and govern the collecting of taxes. The colonies completely rejected the idea. The colonists did not want to relinquish any power to a governing body

4. Britain and France were at war almost constantly since the late 17th century primarily over trading rights and the land just west of the colonies. The French controlled what is now Canada all the way down the region by Lake Erie. In between the lands controlled by the English and French is what is called the Middle ground.

5. French and Indian War • 1756 Fighting began between the French/ Indians and England • Prior to 1759 French were winning the war. Then,1759 General James Wolfe won a decisive victory for England and the British began to win the war. • 1763- Treaty of Paris was signed giving all of Canada to England

6. French and Indian war (also known as the 7 years war) ended in 1763. It was fought on colonial soil. Therefore, once the war was over, the English Government thought it only fair to tax the colonist. Colonist disagreed . Thus, conflict began with the Sugar Act then the Stamp Act. A series of subsequent taxes followed.

8. First Continental Congress • September 4, 1774 representatives from all colonies except Georgia met in Philadelphia to discuss how to handle the taxes and unfair treatment of the English Government. • Met for 2 months and decided to boycott British goods. Not effective

9. Boston Massacre • Boston Massacre- 1770

10. Boston Massacre

11. Gaspee Affair • Colonists seized the Gaspee and burned the ship. • Colonists were denied trial by jury of their peers • 1773 Virginia House of Burgesses develop the Committees of Correspondence to deal with England.

12. Boston Tea Party

13. Boston Tea Party • 1773- British Prime Minister Lord North attempted to help the British East Indies company which was deeply in debt. • The tax on tea in colonies had encouraged smuggling. • Therefore, the BEI company was not selling tea. In 1773 the TEA act refunded almost all of the taxes the BEI company had to pay to ship tea to the Colonies- which made their tea less expensive. This made the BEI companies tea less expensive than the smuggled tea. Also, The BEI company could sell tea directly to shopkeepers bypassing the colonial merchants.

14. Oct 1773- British East Indies comp sent 1253 chests of tea to Boston. The committees of correspondence forced the ships to return to England. • December 1773 another ship arrived. This time the ships would not leave and the night before they were to unload 150 men dressed as Indians boarded the ship and threw 342 chests overboard.

15. Intolerable/Coercive Acts • Shut down Boston Harbor • Massachusetts had to pay for tea • Soldiers were sent to live in colonists homes

16. Thomas Paine- Common Sense • Changed the attitude of many colonists. Prior- even though many colonists were unhappy with England and George III they assumed that a constitutional monarchy was their only option. • Monarchy incompatible with Liberty

17. Richard Henry Lee… “ these colonies are, and of right, ought to be free and independent states.” ( During 2nd continental congress) • June 11, 1776- a committee was appointed to draft the Declaration of Independence. • John Adams( chair) Robert Livingston(New York) Thomas Jefferson (Virginia) Roger Sherman (Connecticut) Ben Franklin (Pennsylvania) • First Draft presented June 28

18. Loyalist- Colonists loyal to Britain and George III • Patriots- Colonists who supported Independence.

19. Continental Congress encouraged states to draft their own state Constitutions. As the states began to experiment with their own Constitutions this would pave the way for the United States Constitution.

20. Revolutionary War will be fought for 7 years • France will join after the battle of Saratoga • Colonies will become victorious after the battle of Yorktown • Treaty of Paris 1783 will officially end the war. • Now what????

21. 1777 Articles of Confederation written-but were weak • Federalist • Anti- Federalist • A Republic vs. True Democracy

22. New Constitution- • Constitutional Convention • 55 Delegates attended • 39 had attended the Continental Congresses • 8 had signed the Declaration of Independence • 31 had attended college George Washington attended he was 55 Ben Franklin attended sporadically he was 81

23. The “Framers” met in Independence Hall where the Declaration of Independence was signed 11 years earlier. • May 25 George Washington elected President OF THE CONVENTION- • Each state would have only one vote.

24. Met from May25- Sept 17 1787. Meeting 86 of the 116 days • Abolishing the Articles: • “ Resolved… that a national government ought to be established consisting of a supreme Legislative, Executive, and Judiciary.” Edmund Randolph, Virginia

25. Virginia Plan- Representation in Congress based on Population or financial contributions each state gave the government. Legislative, Executive, Judicial, • Bicameral- Lower House chosen by states. Upper House chosen by the members elected to the House • This plan was in favor of a strong Federal/ Central Government

26. New Jersey Plan- Representation in Congress equal for all states regardless of population. • Unicameral • Very little power by Federal government to tax and regulate trade • Not one person as the Executive( President) wanted a committee of Executives.

27. Combined both plans • Virginia Plan became the Lower House or what is called today the House of Representatives • New Jersey Plan became the Upper House or what is today the Senate • Also known as the Great Compromise.