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Curtis SA 1 , Kallenberg LAC 2 , Burridge JH 1 1 University of Southampton, Southampton, UK

Neck Muscle Synergy During Arm Raise Exercises in Individuals With Chronic Neck Pain of a Traumatic and Non-Traumatic Onset. Curtis SA 1 , Kallenberg LAC 2 , Burridge JH 1 1 University of Southampton, Southampton, UK 2 Roessingh Research and Development, Enschede, The Netherlands

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Curtis SA 1 , Kallenberg LAC 2 , Burridge JH 1 1 University of Southampton, Southampton, UK

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  1. Neck Muscle Synergy During Arm Raise Exercises in Individuals With Chronic Neck Pain of a Traumatic and Non-Traumatic Onset Curtis SA1, Kallenberg LAC2, Burridge JH1 1 University of Southampton, Southampton, UK 2 Roessingh Research and Development, Enschede, The Netherlands E-mail: S.A.Curtis@southampton.ac.uk

  2. Aim of the study To determine whether muscle activity differed in individuals with chronic neck pain in the upper trapezius (UTRP) and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles during a sustained arm raise task. Subjects: • Traumatic onset (TO, n =4) • Non-traumatic onset (NTO, n =13) • Healthy controls (HC, n =18)

  3. Projected line Relaxed hand position Method Subjects performed bilateral shoulder abduction and maintained the position until fatigue resulted in the arms dropping below 90o.

  4. Method After Hermens & Freriks (1999). After Falla et al. (2002). Simultaneous recordings of the UTRPs and SCMs were obtained using 4 x 4 linear array electrodes

  5. Method – Array electrodes

  6. RUTRP Channels 1-3 Channels 5-7 LUTRP Channels 9-11 RSCM Channels 13-15 LSCM Data The UTRPs were directly recruited in the arm raise activity. The SCMs could be recruited to stabilise the arm raise position.

  7. MUAP identified on three consecutive channels Wavelet template Signal processing Motor unit action potentials (MUAPs) were detected from the recorded signals using an algorithm based on the Continuous Wavelet Transform.

  8. Parameters measured • Global root-mean-square (GRMS) • Motor unit action potential root-mean-square (MRMS) • Motor unit action potential rate (MR), the number of MUAPs per second • The above parameters were estimated and changes over time, as well as differences between the groups, were investigated.

  9. Results – right upper trapezius MUAP RATE (MR) Global RMS (GRMS) MUAP RMS (MRMS) µV µV Epoch Epoch Epoch Lower MRMS (p<0.042) and higher MR (p< 0.075) were seen in the TO group compared to the HC and NTO groups.

  10. Results – left upper trapezius MUAP RATE (MR) Global RMS (GRMS) MUAP RMS (MRMS) µV µV Epoch Epoch Epoch A trend for lower MRMS (p<0.134) and higher MR values (p<0.011) were seen in the TO group compared to the HC and NTO groups.

  11. Results – right sternocleidomastoid MUAP RMS (MRMS) MUAP RATE (MR) Global RMS (GRMS) µV µV µV µV Epoch Epoch Epoch Epoch Epoch The TO group showed lower values for GRMS (p<0.027), MRMS (p< 0.042) and a trend for lower MR values (p<0.184) as compared to the HC and NTO groups.

  12. Results – right sternocleidomastoid MUAP RMS (MRMS) Global RMS (GRMS) MUAP RATE (MR) µV µV µV µV Epoch Epoch Epoch Epoch Epoch Epoch The TO group showed lower values for GRMS (p<0.027), MRMS (p< 0.042) and a trend for lower MR values (p<0.184) as compared to the HC and NTO groups.

  13. Conclusions • The lower MRMS and higher MR values in the UTRPS (TO group) suggest a greater proportion of small, low-threshold MUs activated more frequently. • Increasing SCM activity was seen in all groups, possibly to help stabilise the arm raise position when the muscles directly involved became fatigued. • However, reduced GRMS, MRMS and MR values seen in the TO group in the right SCM suggest they did not employ this muscle as much as the HC and NTO groups.

  14. References • Falla, D., Dall'Alba, P., Rainoldi, A., Merletti, R., & Jull, G. 2002b, Location of innervation zones of sternocleidomastoid and scalene muscles - a basis for clinical and research electromyography applications., Clinical Neurophysiology, vol. 113, pp. 57-63. • Hermens, H. J., & Freriks, B. 1999, European recommendations for surface electromyography. Results of the SENIAM project. Roessingh Research and Development b.v., ISBN: 90-75452-14-4. (CD-ROM).

  15. Acknowledgements I would like to thank Gerald Kerkut Trust and the School of Health Sciences (University of Southampton) for their generous support of this project

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