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Chapter 14: The Motions of Earth, the Sun, and the Moon

Chapter 14: The Motions of Earth, the Sun, and the Moon. Revolution  movement of a planet or other body around another body All planets revolve around the Sun Earth revolves around the Sun every 365 ¼ days or 1 year. 14-1: Motions of Earth.

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Chapter 14: The Motions of Earth, the Sun, and the Moon

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  1. Chapter 14: The Motions of Earth, the Sun, and the Moon

  2. Revolution movement of a planet or other body around another body • All planets revolve around the Sun • Earth revolves around the Sun every 365 ¼ days or 1 year 14-1: Motions of Earth

  3. Rotation spinning of a planet or other body on its axis • Earth rotates west to east • Earth rotates on its axis every 24 hours or 1 day 14-1: Motions of Earth

  4. Axis imaginary line through the center of a planet or other body around which it spins • Earth is tilted 23 ½ ° on its axis 14-1: Motions of Earth

  5. Solar Noon time of day when the sun is highest in the sky • There are 24 times zones in the world • Each time zone is 15° wide 14-2 Time Zones

  6. U.S. has 8 time zones total • 4 for the continental U.S. • Pacific, Mountain, Central, & Eastern 14-2 Time Zones

  7. As you go west, you lose time • As you go east, you gain time • International Date Line boundary where each new day starts 14-2 Time Zones

  8. Seasons are caused by • Tilt of the Earth • Movement around the Sun • Angle which the Sun’s rays strike Earth’s surface 14-3 Seasons

  9. Summer = tilted towards Sun; more direct rays • Winter = tilted away from Sun; more indirect rays • Winter in N. Hemisphere = Summer in S. Hemisphere 14-3 Seasons

  10. Distance btw Earth & Sun change throughout the year Seasons do not depend on distance from Sun 14.4 Solstices & Equinoxes

  11. Perihelion closest point to Sun (happens in January) • Earth is 147 million km from Sun • aphelion farthest point to Sun (happens in July) • Earth is 152 million km from Sun 14.4 Solstices & Equinoxes

  12. Solsticethe beginning of summer and winter • 1 Pole has 24 hours of daylight, the other Pole has 24 hours of darkness • Summer Solstice is on or about June 21; N. Pole light, S. Pole dark • Winter Solstice is on or about December 21;N. Pole dark, S. Pole light 14.4 Solstices & Equinoxes

  13. Equinoxthe Sun is directly over the equator at solar noon; the beginning of spring & fall • 12 hrs. of light/12 hrs. of dark • Vernal (spring) equinox is around March 21 • Autumnal (fall) equinox is around September 21 14.4 Solstices & Equinoxes

  14. Moon revolves around Earth every 27 1/3 days • Moon revolves @ 3,500 km/hr • Moon rotates on its axis every 27 1/3 days 14-5 Motion of moon

  15. Apogee moon farthest from Earth Perigee moon closest to Earth 14-5 Motion of moon

  16. When Earth, Moon, Sun line up in their orbits & all 3 gravities are working together = really high tides and really low tides. This is a Spring Tide. • Happens twice a month 14-5 Motion of moon

  17. When Moon & Sun at right angles & gravities working against each other = no high or low tides. This is a Neap Tide. • Happens twice a month 14-5 Motion of moon

  18. Moon appears to rise in east and set in west Moon comes into view at moonrise 50 minutes later each day 14-5 Motion of moon

  19. Moon appears to change shape because of the way it reflects light from the Sun Phases depend on the position of the Sun, Moon, & Earth Moon takes 29 ½ days to go through all phases 14-6 Phases of the Moon

  20. Waxing increasing in light • New Moon no light • Waxing Crescent1/4 right side lit • 1st Quarter right 1/2 lit • Waxing Gibbous 3/4 right side lit 14-6 Phases of the Moon

  21. Waning decreasing in light • Full Moon all light • Waning Gibbous 3/4 left side lit • 3rd Quarter left 1/2 lit • Waning Crescent left 1/4 lit 14-6 Phases of the Moon

  22. Umbra center, dark part of a shadow Penumbra outside, lighter part of a shadow 14-7 Lunar eclipses

  23. Lunar Eclipse when the moon passes directly through Earth’s shadow • Can only occur during a full moon 14-7 Lunar eclipses

  24. Total Lunar Eclipse when the moon moves entirely into Earth’s umbra; all sunlight is blocked = moon entirely dark • Total lunar eclipse is rare & don’t happen regularly 14-7 Lunar eclipses

  25. Partial Lunar Eclipse only part of the moon moves into Earth’s umbra; some sunlight is blocked = part of moon dark 14-7 Lunar eclipses

  26. Solar Eclipse when the moon passes directly btw Earth & Sun Most of Sun’s surface is blacked out & we see the corona 14-8 Solar eclipses

  27. Total Solar Eclipse entire face of Sun blocked by moon • seen in small area of world • Partial Solar Eclipse only part of the face of the Sun is blocked • seen over a larger area 14-8 Solar eclipses

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