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MITOSIS

MITOSIS. AND CELL DIVISION. Define the following terms:. Cell division – the process in which one cell becomes two cells (both nucleus and cytoplasm divides) Mitosis- Division of he nucleus into 2 nuclei (each contains he same amount and kind of hereditary information as the original nucleus)

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MITOSIS

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  1. MITOSIS AND CELL DIVISION

  2. Define the following terms: • Cell division – the process in which one cell becomes two cells (both nucleus and cytoplasm divides) • Mitosis- Division of he nucleus into 2 nuclei (each contains he same amount and kind of hereditary information as the original nucleus) • Cytokinesis – division of the cytoplasm

  3. Parts of the nucleus

  4. Chromatin • Hereditary material in the form of a threadlike mass made up of DNA and protein • Each thread is a chromosome consisting of great numbers of smaller units called genes. • Each gene is a piece of DNA that spells out partial bits of hereditary information • Each species has a specific number of chromosomes (humans = 46; fruit flies = 8; onions = 16.

  5. More Vocabulary • Replication – process by which DNA molecules make exact copies of themselves • Chromatid – each of the identical threads that result from replication • Centromere – point of attachment • Condensation – process by which chromatid threads shorten and thicken • Centrioles – (in animal cells only) acts in the formation of spindle fibers. (Plant cells form spindle without centrioles)

  6. Interphase – growth and replication

  7. Prophase • Nucleolus disappears • Nuclear membrane disappears • Condensation occurs • Centrioles move to opposite poles and the spindle fibers form between them

  8. Metaphase • Chromosomes line up at the equator

  9. Anaphase • Centromeres replicate • Chromatids separate and move to the poles

  10. Telophase • Nucleolus reappears • Nuclear membranes form around each new nucleus • Chromosomes become thin and thread-like again • Cytokinesis occurs

  11. Cytokinesis (follows mitosis) • Cleavage furrow – The pinching in that appears at the equator in animal cells during cytokinesis • Cell plate – Thickening that appears at the equator of plant cells during cytokinesis

  12. Differences between plant and animal mitosis Animal cell Plant cell No centrioles Cell plate • Centrioles • Cleavage furrow

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