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Biological Levels of Organization

Biological Levels of Organization. http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=D601FCE2-B6F4-446E-8763-A1B9A9BA86C7 Cell – basic unit of structure and function Organelles – structures in the cell that perform specific functions Groups of cells form tissues .

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Biological Levels of Organization

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  1. Biological Levels of Organization http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=D601FCE2-B6F4-446E-8763-A1B9A9BA86C7 • Cell – basic unit of structure and function • Organelles – structures in the cell that perform specific functions • Groups of cells form tissues. • Groups of different tissues form organs. • Groups of different organs working together form organ systems. • Organ systems make up an organism.

  2. Organization of the Human Body: • Body cavities • Layers of membranes within body cavities • Organ systems

  3. 1. Body Cavities • Axial portion – head, neck, and trunk • Appendicular portion – upper and lower limbs (“append” = to hang) • Axial portion: • Dorsal cavity (“dors” = back) • Ventral cavity • Dorsal cavity: • Cranial cavity (“cran” = helmet) • Vertebral canal

  4. 1. Body Cavities (cont.) • Ventral cavity: • Thoracic cavity • Abdominopelvic cavity • Thoracic cavity: • Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities are separated by the diaphragm. • Mediastinum • A region that separates the thoracic cavity into 2 compartments containing the right and left lungs • All other thoracic viscera (organs) are in the mediastinum.

  5. 1. Body Cavities (cont.) • Abdominopelvic cavity: • Abdominal cavity – contains stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, kidneys, and most of the small and large intestines • Pelvic cavity (“pelv” = basin) – contains the terminal portion of the large intestine, urinary bladder, and internal reproductive organs. • Smaller cavities in the head: • Oral cavity • Nasal cavity • Orbital cavities • Middle ear cavities

  6. 1. Body Cavities Summary • Appendicular portion • Upper limbs • Lower limbs • Axial portion • Dorsal cavity • Vertebral canal • Cranial cavity • Oral cavity • Nasal cavity • Orbital cavities • Middle ear cavities

  7. 1. Body Cavities Summary (cont.) • Ventral cavity • Thoracic cavity • Mediastinum • Right lung • Left lung • Abdominopelvic cavity • Abdominal cavity • Pelvic cavity

  8. 2. Thoracic and Abdominal Pelvic Membranes • Thoracic membranes: • Walls of right and left compartments are lined with parietal pleura (“pariet” = wall; “pleur” = rib) • Lungs are covered with visceral pleura (“viscera” = organs in a body cavity) • Pleural cavity – fluid-filled “space” between the parietal and visceral pleural membranes • Heart is surrounded by pericardial membranes (“peri” = around; “cardi” = heart) • Visceral pericardium • Parietal pericardium • Pericardial cavity

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