Heat Stress Program

1. Heat Stress Program A-4J-0020 ASO-7 25 August 2012

2. EOs EO #07-1 IDENTIFY the various elements of the Heat Stress Program EO #07-2 DEFINE the duties and responsibilities of the Safety Officer within the Heat Stress Program Lesson Overview. Heat stress has been shown to cause decreased efficiency and debilitating heat illnesses. Heat stroke, a severe form of heat stress, can be fatal. Where possible, the Navy has eliminated or controlled heat stress. Where heat remains a problem, our only choice is to limit personnel exposures. The Navy's Heat Stress Program defines exposure limits and heat monitoring requirements under certain conditions. Departments involved in the heat stress program include medical, engineering and supply. The Safety Officer coordinates and manages the ship's heat stress program to ensure overall compliance. Heat stress is any combination of air temperature, thermal radiation, humidity, airflow, workload, and health conditions that may stress the body as it attempts to regulate body temperature. Ships can determine maximum exposure limits for various environmental conditions and individual work rates. Adherence to these maximal heat exposure guidelines can prevent or reduce the adverse physiological effects of heat stress. Sufficient recovery time in a cool environment will help reverse the harmful effects of heat stress. Recognizing personnel heat stress symptoms and obtaining prompt medical attention for affected persons is an all hands responsibility.Lesson Overview. Heat stress has been shown to cause decreased efficiency and debilitating heat illnesses. Heat stroke, a severe form of heat stress, can be fatal. Where possible, the Navy has eliminated or controlled heat stress. Where heat remains a problem, our only choice is to limit personnel exposures. The Navy's Heat Stress Program defines exposure limits and heat monitoring requirements under certain conditions. Departments involved in the heat stress program include medical, engineering and supply. The Safety Officer coordinates and manages the ship's heat stress program to ensure overall compliance. Heat stress is any combination of air temperature, thermal radiation, humidity, airflow, workload, and health conditions that may stress the body as it attempts to regulate body temperature. Ships can determine maximum exposure limits for various environmental conditions and individual work rates. Adherence to these maximal heat exposure guidelines can prevent or reduce the adverse physiological effects of heat stress. Sufficient recovery time in a cool environment will help reverse the harmful effects of heat stress. Recognizing personnel heat stress symptoms and obtaining prompt medical attention for affected persons is an all hands responsibility.

3. Reference OPNAVINST 5100.19E; CH B2

4. History 1872 � Monitor class armored vessels 1918 � USS KENTUCKY 1951 � USS DES MOINES 1960 � Present Historically heat stress has been a problem aboard ships - monitoring heat stress became a necessity. 1872 - Severe heat stress and impact upon crew of Monitor class armored vessels reported in literature. 1918 - Documentation of 20 serious heat casualties aboard USS KENTUCKY due to ventilation failure in the fireroom. Dramatic impact on readiness Deaths due to heat stroke 1951 - Sea trials aboard USS DES MOINES with ventilation secured, resulted in 25% of crew as heat casualties in 15 minutes. Within the next 5- 15 minutes the remainder of the crew could not exit the spaces without assistance 1960 - Present: Heat surveys, design specifications, improved insulation quality and increased training have resulted in a Heat Stress Program, Navy-wide. First monitoring with psychrometer. Dry bulb Wet bulb In 1970�s, factored in radiant heat. Research studies Developed PHELs Historically heat stress has been a problem aboard ships - monitoring heat stress became a necessity. 1872 - Severe heat stress and impact upon crew of Monitor class armored vessels reported in literature. 1918 - Documentation of 20 serious heat casualties aboard USS KENTUCKY due to ventilation failure in the fireroom. Dramatic impact on readiness Deaths due to heat stroke 1951 - Sea trials aboard USS DES MOINES with ventilation secured, resulted in 25% of crew as heat casualties in 15 minutes. Within the next 5- 15 minutes the remainder of the crew could not exit the spaces without assistance 1960 - Present: Heat surveys, design specifications, improved insulation quality and increased training have resulted in a Heat Stress Program, Navy-wide. First monitoring with psychrometer. Dry bulb Wet bulb In 1970�s, factored in radiant heat. Research studies Developed PHELs

5. Program Elements Monitoring and surveying Establishing safe work schedules Investigating and reporting personnel heat injuries Training Recordkeeping

6. Heat Acclimatization For most individuals, repeated exposure causes physiologic adaptations Body becomes more efficient at coping with heat stress Usually requires 3 weeks or more to fully acclimatize Dehydration, lack of sleep, illness, alcohol increase heat stress susceptibility

7. High Heat Areas Machinery spaces and catapult rooms Laundries Galleys and sculleries Flight decks Operations in hot and humid climates and material deficiencies (steam & water leaks, water in bilges, damaged insulation, degraded ventilation) increase heat stress Operations in hot and humid climates and material deficiencies (steam & water leaks, water in bilges, damaged insulation, degraded ventilation) increase heat stress

8. Heat Rash Painful rash caused by clogged sweat pores Typically caused by working in hot spaces or sleeping in hot berthing compartments

9. Heat Exhaustion Symptoms include: Clammy moist skin Weakness and fatigue Nausea Headache Low blood pressure Fainting Treatment: Remove victim from the heat and administer fluids

10. Heat Stroke Caused by thermoregulatory failure Symptoms include: Hot dry skin Hyperthermia Brain disorders (delirium, unconsciousness) Treatment: Move to cool area, cool body rapidly, treat for shock, and call medical Hyperthermia is an acute condition which occurs when the body produces or absorbs more heat than it can dissipate. It is usually due to excessive exposure to heat. The heat-regulating mechanisms of the body eventually become overwhelmed and unable to effectively deal with the heat, therefore the body temperature climbs uncontrollably. This is a medical emergency that requires immediate medical attention.Hyperthermia is an acute condition which occurs when the body produces or absorbs more heat than it can dissipate. It is usually due to excessive exposure to heat. The heat-regulating mechanisms of the body eventually become overwhelmed and unable to effectively deal with the heat, therefore the body temperature climbs uncontrollably. This is a medical emergency that requires immediate medical attention.

11. PHEL Curves Physiological Heat Exposure Limits (PHEL) Six PHEL Curves I (light work) to VI (heavy work) Two charts With and without combustion gases / fuel vapors

12. Dry-Bulb Thermometers Alcohol in a glass (NSN 6685-00-243-9964) Do NOT require calibration or NCR stickers Hung in area that best represents temps for workers in space Hung by non-heat conducting material In or out of ventilation air stream, at least 2 feet from vent opening

13. Wet-Bulb-Globe Temperature (WBGT) WBGT = 0.7WB + 0.2GT + 0.1DB Determined with WBGT meter Heat stress monitor Automated Heat Stress System (AHSS) � If used, ensure that airflow to sensor doesn�t exceed 600 fpm OPNAVINST 5100.19E provides detailed instructions for WBGT measurement devices

14. Dry-Bulb Temperature Recording Ships shall record dry bulb readings when U/W or when heat stress conditions exist inport. Designated spaces will be monitored when manned. Frequency of readings: Every four hours if temp < 85F Every hour if temp > 85F Every hour at temporary installations where the temp exceeds 85F during repair or maintenance

15. Heat Stress Survey Requirements Ships shall conduct heat stress surveys whenever the temperature from a permanently mounted hanging DB thermometer reaches or exceeds: PHEL I through III Watch/Work length 4 hours or less DB => 100�F Watch/Work length greater than 4 hours DB => 90�F PHEL IV though VI DB = 85�F Space Surveys. Ships shall conduct the survey of spaces for heat stress using the WBGT meter or the AHSS: At all manned watch/workstations within the space whenever the temperature from a permanently mounted hanging DB thermometer reaches or exceeds the following temperature requirements: PHEL I through III Watch/Work length 4 hours or less DB => 100�F Watch/Work length greater than 4 hours DB => 90�F PHEL IV through VI DB = 85�F Shipboard conditions cannot be adequately addressed by a single dry bulb value. For watches longer than four hours or activity levels greater than PHEL III, a 100 degrees Fahrenheit temperature would miss potentially serious heat stress conditions. The values listed above take into consideration likely levels of relative humidity, watch duration, and levels of activity. Under normal operations, routine watches in engineering spaces are expected to be four hours at a PHEL III or lower. PHEL IV through VI apply to above average work rates.Space Surveys. Ships shall conduct the survey of spaces for heat stress using the WBGT meter or the AHSS: At all manned watch/workstations within the space whenever the temperature from a permanently mounted hanging DB thermometer reaches or exceeds the following temperature requirements: PHEL I through III Watch/Work length 4 hours or less DB => 100�F Watch/Work length greater than 4 hours DB => 90�F PHEL IV through VI DB = 85�F Shipboard conditions cannot be adequately addressed by a single dry bulb value. For watches longer than four hours or activity levels greater than PHEL III, a 100 degrees Fahrenheit temperature would miss potentially serious heat stress conditions. The values listed above take into consideration likely levels of relative humidity, watch duration, and levels of activity. Under normal operations, routine watches in engineering spaces are expected to be four hours at a PHEL III or lower. PHEL IV through VI apply to above average work rates.

16. Heat Stress Survey Requirements In any space where a heat injury occurs Prior to conducting engineering casualty control (ECC) drills In any space when CO determines that heat stress may exist As required for follow-on surveys Additional requirements: In any space when a heat injury (heat exhaustion or heat stroke) occurs. Prior to conducting engineering casualty control (ECC) drills: If the drill-set exceeds three hours (not required in spaces not affected by the drill or in areas that are unmanned) If already in a reduced stay time, the surveyor shall use the most current heat stress survey and calculate stay times for ECC watch standers using the ECC PHEL values in appendix B2-A. The length of the exercises cannot exceed the watch PHEL stay times. (d) In any space when the commanding officer determines that a heat stress situation may occur. (e) As required for follow-on surveys (seeparagraph B0204.c(5)).Additional requirements: In any space when a heat injury (heat exhaustion or heat stroke) occurs. Prior to conducting engineering casualty control (ECC) drills: If the drill-set exceeds three hours (not required in spaces not affected by the drill or in areas that are unmanned) If already in a reduced stay time, the surveyor shall use the most current heat stress survey and calculate stay times for ECC watch standers using the ECC PHEL values in appendix B2-A. The length of the exercises cannot exceed the watch PHEL stay times. (d) In any space when the commanding officer determines that a heat stress situation may occur. (e) As required for follow-on surveys (seeparagraph B0204.c(5)).

17. Training Requirements All hands shall receive heat stress training upon reporting aboard � topics must include: Heat stress health hazards Symptoms of excessive heat stress exposure Heat stress first aid procedures Heat stress monitoring Causes of heat stress conditions All hands shall receive heat stress training upon reporting aboard. This training may be conducted by showing the heat stress videotape "Play it Cool: Heat Stress Prevention Afloat" (8055801-DN). At a minimum this training must include: (1) Heat stress health hazards; (2) Symptoms of excessive heat stress exposure; (3) Heat stress first aid procedures; (4) Heat stress monitoring; and (5) Causes of heat stress conditions. Heat-stress surveyors assigned to perform WBGT surveys shall be trained and qualified using the heat stress surveyor watchstation 303 (formerly heat stress monitor watchstation 303) of the safety programs afloat personnel qualifications standard (PQS), NAVEDTRA 43460-4B within 12 weeks of assignment. All hands shall receive heat stress training upon reporting aboard. This training may be conducted by showing the heat stress videotape "Play it Cool: Heat Stress Prevention Afloat" (8055801-DN). At a minimum this training must include: (1) Heat stress health hazards; (2) Symptoms of excessive heat stress exposure; (3) Heat stress first aid procedures; (4) Heat stress monitoring; and (5) Causes of heat stress conditions. Heat-stress surveyors assigned to perform WBGT surveys shall be trained and qualified using the heat stress surveyor watchstation 303 (formerly heat stress monitor watchstation 303) of the safety programs afloat personnel qualifications standard (PQS), NAVEDTRA 43460-4B within 12 weeks of assignment.

18. Training Requirements Viewing videotape "Play it Cool: Heat Stress Prevention Afloat" (8055801-DN) satisfies requirement Surveyors shall complete Heat Stress Surveyor PQS within 12 weeks of assignment

19. Common Discrepancies Poorly trained surveyors Surveys not taken when required Inadequate survey review � errors not caught by supervisors Missing or poorly positioned thermometers Broken equipment and material deficiencies not addressed

20. Ice Vests * NAVSEA APPROVED (ORIGINALLY FOR FIRE FIGHTING) * REDUCES SKIN TEMP 7�F, CORE TEMP REDUCTION ALSO , IN SOME PEOPLE AS MUCH AS 2�F BUT MOST WERE LESS THAN HALF A DEGREE. BIG AFFECT ON KEEPING PEOPLE HYDRATED BECAUSE THEY SWEAT LESS. * LIMITED LAB TESTING BY NHRC (INDICATES CAN PROBABLY DOUBLE STAYTIME). CANNOT ALTER STAYTIMES UNTIL NEW PHEL CURVES ARE PRODUCED. VEST WEIGHTS 9 POUNDS SHORT VEST SA-440 $120.00 ONE SET OF GEL PACKS (4) $31.00 RECOMMEND 3 SETS PER VEST * LOGISTICS PROBLEMS WITH SPACE (WHERE DO YOU PUT THE FLASH FREEZER), COST (FREEZERS ARE NOT CHEAP), AND LENGTH OF TIME THE GEL PACKS WILL LAST (2 HOURS). * GEL PACKS ARE CORNSTARCH AND WATER * NAVSEA APPROVED (ORIGINALLY FOR FIRE FIGHTING) * REDUCES SKIN TEMP 7�F, CORE TEMP REDUCTION ALSO , IN SOME PEOPLE AS MUCH AS 2�F BUT MOST WERE LESS THAN HALF A DEGREE. BIG AFFECT ON KEEPING PEOPLE HYDRATED BECAUSE THEY SWEAT LESS. * LIMITED LAB TESTING BY NHRC (INDICATES CAN PROBABLY DOUBLE STAYTIME). CANNOT ALTER STAYTIMES UNTIL NEW PHEL CURVES ARE PRODUCED. VEST WEIGHTS 9 POUNDS SHORT VEST SA-440 $120.00 ONE SET OF GEL PACKS (4) $31.00 RECOMMEND 3 SETS PER VEST * LOGISTICS PROBLEMS WITH SPACE (WHERE DO YOU PUT THE FLASH FREEZER), COST (FREEZERS ARE NOT CHEAP), AND LENGTH OF TIME THE GEL PACKS WILL LAST (2 HOURS). * GEL PACKS ARE CORNSTARCH AND WATER

21. Summary Safety Officers must take an active role in the Heat Stress Program ID of heat stress hazards must be part of workplace inspection Watch the paperwork!

22. Any Questions? A few questions:A few questions: