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Biodiesel - Fat to Fuel Environmental Partnerships Past, Present, Future

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Biodiesel - Fat to Fuel Environmental Partnerships Past, Present, Future

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    1. Biodiesel - “Fat to Fuel” Environmental Partnerships – Past, Present, Future Olof Hansen Waste Management Division April 2007

    2. 2 Contents Part 1 Why waste-derived biodiesel? Part 2 Past Successes and Learning Lessons Part 3 Ongoing Projects and Future Goals

    3. 3 Part 1 Why waste-derived biodiesel? “To EPA, environmental stewardship means everyone taking responsibility for environmental quality in every aspect of our lives – in our jobs, at home, and in our communities.” “It represents a natural evolution in our thinking about the environment – from pollution control, to pollution prevention, to sustainability.” EPA Administrator Johnson from the same speech.“To EPA, environmental stewardship means everyone taking responsibility for environmental quality in every aspect of our lives – in our jobs, at home, and in our communities.” “It represents a natural evolution in our thinking about the environment – from pollution control, to pollution prevention, to sustainability.” EPA Administrator Johnson from the same speech.

    4. 4 “Biodiesel is one of our nation's most promising alternative fuel sources. And by developing biodiesel, you're making this country less dependent on foreign sources of oil.” President George W. Bush Remarks at Virginia Biodiesel Refinery May, 2005

    5. 5 Benefits of Waste Derived Biodiesel Reduces waste Protects our environment (air, water, waste) Saves costs Protects workers Promotes renewable energy Creates a sustainable market

    6. 6 “Advanced Energy Initiative: national goal of replacing more than 75 % of our oil imports by 2025… Biodiesel will help end dependency on foreign oil … Foreign oil will go the way of typewriter and walkman… Restaurant grease which would normally be thrown away, will be turned into fuel… Biodiesel is making the black puff of diesel smoke a thing of the past. “ Administrator Steve Johnson Remarks at National Biodiesel Conference San Diego, February 2006

    7. 7 Why Focus on Waste Cooking Oil? Resource Conservation Challenge (RCC) Reduce waste, and reuse and recycle more products Recover energy lost in waste going to landfills U.S. alone: Restaurants and hotels generate 3 billion gallons of waste cooking oil annually Traditionally grease goes to rendering industry

    8. 8 How can Biodiesel Solve Waste and Water Pollution Problems? By converting waste grease to a higher value commodity. Diverts large waste stream from: Landfills or illegal dumping Publicly-owned treatment works (POTWs) Prevents spills and sewer blockages: 80% of sewer spills in the USA are caused by FOG (Fat – Oil - Grease) In 2001, EPA sued Los Angeles for 800 sewer spills, due to pipes clogged by FOG

    9. 9

    10. 10 Emission Change between Biodiesel and Petrodiesel

    11. 11 Biodiesel’s Effect on NOx Emissions

    12. 12 Why is R9’s Waste Management Division Working on Biodiesel? Biodiesel derived from waste grease helps meet national and regional goals for our division National GPRA goals 35% Recycling rate of MSW Pollution prevention measures in goal 5 Meet RCC objective to conserve energy and resources Regional niche No agricultural crop for biodiesel such as soybean fields as in the Midwest, but lots of urban crop: restaurant grease and other waste grease! Over 10 million gallons of grease in SF Bay area alone!

    13. 13 What are the Economic Benefits?

    14. 14 Can Biodiesel Replace Petro-Diesel?

    15. 15 How do you Make Biodiesel (C15H31CO2CH3) ? Transesterification Transesterification is a chemical process that converts oil and fats to their methyl esters for fuel purposes. Glycerin is removed from vegetable oil to make it thinner and less viscous.Transesterification is a chemical process that converts oil and fats to their methyl esters for fuel purposes. Glycerin is removed from vegetable oil to make it thinner and less viscous.

    16. 16 Little Known Fact Dr. Rudolph Diesel designed the diesel engine in 1894 to run on peanut oil “The use of vegetable oils for engine fuels may seem insignificant today. But such oils may become in the course of time as important as petroleum and the coal tar products of the present time.”

    17. 17 Federal Environmental and Energy Conservation Requirements/Incentives IRS, provides for fuel tax credits and refunds of 50 cents/gallon of Biodiesel http://www.irs.gov/publications/p378/ar01.html EPAct (Energy Policy Act of 2005), requires alternative fuel vehicles for all public fleets RCRA 6002, requires federal agencies that generate heat, mechanical, or electrical energy to use fuels derived from solid waste Executive Order 13101, greens the government through waste prevention, recycling, and federal acquisition E.O. 13134, develops and promotes bio-based products and bio-energy E. O. 13423, strengthening Federal environmental, energy, and transportation management

    18. 18 Benefits of Biodiesel Environmental (Air, Water, Waste) Energy Independence (Domestic, Renewable) Economic/Cost (Waste to Fuel) Quality/Standards Energy Policy Compliance Safety/Emergency Response

    19. 19 Summary of Environmental Benefits of Biodiesel Waste reduction/diversion from landfills Resource conservation: waste to fuel conversion Currently only alternative fuel passed Clean Air Act Tier I and II health effects testing Reduction of virtually all regulated air emissions Over 75% reduction of green house gases Non-toxic, contains no sulfur: the cause of acid rain Bio-degradable, no oil spill contamination

    20. 20 Obstacles to Biodiesel Acceptance Quality of fuel Limited supply Due to both demand and supply reasons Potential increase of NOx emissions Depends on engine type and test settings Lack of familiarity

    21. 21 Part 2 FY06 Successes “To EPA, environmental stewardship means everyone taking responsibility for environmental quality in every aspect of our lives – in our jobs, at home, and in our communities.” “It represents a natural evolution in our thinking about the environment – from pollution control, to pollution prevention, to sustainability.” EPA Administrator Johnson from the same speech.“To EPA, environmental stewardship means everyone taking responsibility for environmental quality in every aspect of our lives – in our jobs, at home, and in our communities.” “It represents a natural evolution in our thinking about the environment – from pollution control, to pollution prevention, to sustainability.” EPA Administrator Johnson from the same speech.

    22. 22 Created Web-based Biodiesel Guide for Federal Facilities Launched biodiesel guide for federal facilities on Federal Network for Sustainability in Sep 2006 Summer intern wrote guide Guide was featured among others on the White House OFEE webpage Heavily used resource: 450 unique hits/month First, the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPAct), P.L. 102-486, requires agencies meeting certain criteria to reduce their federal vehicle fleets’ reliance on petroleum. By 2005, these fleets must decrease annual petroleum consumption by 20 percent over 1999 consumption levels. One of the ways agencies may achieve this goal is by relying on biodiesel for their diesel fuel needs. Under the EPAct, the purchase and use of 450 gallons of biodiesel (B20) is considered the equivalent of acquiring one alternative fueled vehicle. Second, the April 21, 2000 Executive Order 13149 ''Greening the Government Through Federal Fleet and Transportation Efficiency" directs federal agencies to exercise ''leadership in the reduction of petroleum consumption through improvements in fleet fuel efficiency and the use of alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) and alternative fuels." E.O. 13149 requires agencies to develop compliance strategies, one component of which may be use of biodiesel. First, the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPAct), P.L. 102-486, requires agencies meeting certain criteria to reduce their federal vehicle fleets’ reliance on petroleum. By 2005, these fleets must decrease annual petroleum consumption by 20 percent over 1999 consumption levels. One of the ways agencies may achieve this goal is by relying on biodiesel for their diesel fuel needs. Under the EPAct, the purchase and use of 450 gallons of biodiesel (B20) is considered the equivalent of acquiring one alternative fueled vehicle. Second, the April 21, 2000 Executive Order 13149 ''Greening the Government Through Federal Fleet and Transportation Efficiency" directs federal agencies to exercise ''leadership in the reduction of petroleum consumption through improvements in fleet fuel efficiency and the use of alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) and alternative fuels." E.O. 13149 requires agencies to develop compliance strategies, one component of which may be use of biodiesel.

    23. 23 Biodiesel Research at University of Nevada in Reno Managed IWG Grant with Chemical engineering department with 2 goals: lower NOx emissions in pre-production ways (w/o additives) decrease costs by continuous production unit vs. batch process Grantee produced several promising results, already: Biodiesel production takes far less time and energy than found in previous studies Nitrogen content of biodiesel is over 40% lower than previous research has shown

    24. 24 Community Biodiesel Business Model in Santa Cruz, California Oversaw IWG grant with Ecology Action (NGO) Cradle-to-cradle market model Unique partners: local restaurants, hauling companies, diesel manufacturers, fuel distributors, City and County Plans to divert 100,000 gallons of waste cooking oil from landfills to fuel public fleet

    25. 25 Collaboration with San Francisco In 2005, responded to request from SF Department of the Environment on waste derived biodiesel project Assisted SF in development of biodiesel plan by working with diverse, unconventional stakeholders: SF Environment, solid waste recycling section, grants office, SFPUC, Biofuels Co-op, MUNI, city college, consultant IN 2006, convened meetings at EPA and made them aware of WCC RFP Met during RFP process to assist w/ grant process Successful grant application means that SF is the largest city in the US to convert its municipal fleet to biodiesel Part of Mayor’s goal to convert whole city fleet to B20 by the end of 2007 (8 million gallons of diesel/year)

    26. 26 Cooperation of Air and Waste Div. through West Coast Collaborative (WCC) Added a cleaner fuel section to trucking, marine, agriculture, rail, and construction work groups Grant RFP contained cleaner fuel (biodiesel) section Results for Biodiesel in RFP: 27 out of 56 proposals focus on Biodiesel Half of money requested ($10 Million) was for Biodiesel Our convening efforts resulted in at least 8 WCC proposals 2 biodiesel projects were selected and are being funded

    27. 27 WCC Biodiesel Grant Proposals City College of San Francisco Clean Cities Coalition in Honolulu City of Pacifica POTW EBMUD on-site biodiesel production Greener Oakland fuels initiative Port of LA biodiesel infrastructure Car-Lite (Construction) in Sebastopol Juneau mobile mini-refinery

    28. 28 Partnership with Casinos on Biodiesel Replicate successful Resource Conversation Fund grant with the Gila River Indian Community project “From Frybread to the Fuel Tank” with other R9 Tribes Presented on biodiesel at “Greening Tribal Casinos” workshop in Sacramento Work with Pomo Tribe and biodiesel vendor Initiate partnership with Quartz Tribe Coordinated with ORD Las Vegas lab and biodiesel vendors using Casino grease in Las Vegas

    29. 29 Part 3 FY07 Goals “To EPA, environmental stewardship means everyone taking responsibility for environmental quality in every aspect of our lives – in our jobs, at home, and in our communities.” “It represents a natural evolution in our thinking about the environment – from pollution control, to pollution prevention, to sustainability.” EPA Administrator Johnson from the same speech.“To EPA, environmental stewardship means everyone taking responsibility for environmental quality in every aspect of our lives – in our jobs, at home, and in our communities.” “It represents a natural evolution in our thinking about the environment – from pollution control, to pollution prevention, to sustainability.” EPA Administrator Johnson from the same speech.

    30. 30 Biodiesel FY07 Goals Launch our R9 Biodiesel webpage, up and running since January 2007 http://www.epa.gov/region9/biodiesel Target institutions with existing drivers, and where supply and demand are co-located where large supplies of used cooking oil exist, and where project can be scaled up or replicated such as wastewater treatment plants universities/colleges Tribal or commercial casinos food processing industry

    31. 31 Partnership Opportunities with Waste Water Treatment Plants in FY07 Potential Partners EBMUD (Non-funded WCC Project) Convert FOG to fuel for trucks on-site Cal FOG (State professional association, meeting in fall) Share waste-to-fuel message w/ state-wide group Pacifica (Non-funded WCC Project) FOG to biodiesel and NOx emission reduction technology 8 Marin POTWs (FOG assessment study) Where from, how much, where to feasibility study

    32. 32 Current Collaborations with Wastewater Treatment Plants As follow-up to WRPPN conference, approached CalFOG (POTW association) to view biodiesel as a solution to FOG Meeting in October at LA Sanitation District Assist EBMUD with project demonstrating the benefits and cost effectiveness of biodiesel as a clean, renewable alternative fuel from brown grease Non-funded WCC grant Explore partnership w/Eastern Municipal Water District (California’s 5th largest water district) looking at biodiesel as a source reduction project

    33. 33 Partnership Opportunities with Universities in FY07 Potential Partners University of California Office of the President (UCOP) UC system wide sustainable transportation project Biodiesel for individual campus fleet managers Unfunded WCC UC-Davis project San Francisco City College WCC project, PR event in March Lots of partners, City, grease hauler, petroleum industry, consultant Los Angeles Community College Beneficial Use Summit partner, cross partnership Model for other community colleges

    34. 34 Ongoing collaborations with UC Office of the President Contacted individual campuses of UC system Spoke at UC system-wide sustainability conference Met w/ some UC fleet managers Launched sustainable transportation project Will meet w/ UC fleet managers in October Will formalize program through UCOP

    35. 35 Partnership Opportunities with Casinos in FY07 Potential Partners Tribal Casinos Hopland Pomo and Sho-Kah-Wah Casino UN-R IWG Project and Washoe Tribe Quartz Valley Tribe in N. California Outreach at R9 Tribal Conference in November Commercial Casinos Finish EPA ORD LV lab project Duplicate Reno casinos project of using used cooking oil in furnaces and boilers

    36. 36 Other Biodiesel Partnership Activities Planned for FY07 Explore biodiesel projects for: Ports Intermodal use between vessels to rail and road High priority for RA Greening DOD Expand US Navy B20 policy to other branches and other federal facilities Hawaii and other Pacific Islands Create energy independence and local cradle-to-cradle markets Superfund and Corrective Action cleanup sites (“Cleanup and clean air”) Requirement for contractors to use B20 in equipment Food Processing Industry Large users of frying oil and large fleets at same location US-Mexico border Nogales fire department grant to collect grease Supplemental Environmental Projects (SEP) Biodiesel as fuel for RCRA violator, modeled after Region 1

    37. 37 Thank you

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