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Swine (Pig) Production

Swine (Pig) Production. Swine History. Even-toed hoofed animal Genus; Sus In the mid-west hogs are on 1 out of every 3 farms. The Corn belt and north central states lead in pork production. Iowa leads the nation with 25% of all hogs. Pork Production. ? Hd in US ? Hd in Tx

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Swine (Pig) Production

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  1. Swine (Pig) Production

  2. Swine History • Even-toed hoofed animal • Genus; Sus • In the mid-west hogs are on 1 out of every 3 farms. • The Corn belt and north central states lead in pork production. • Iowa leads the nation with 25% of all hogs

  3. Pork Production • ? Hd in US • ? Hd in Tx • Avg US consumption 70lb. Pork /person /yr

  4. Swine (Pig) Production • Main Purpose – to produce pork for Human consumption

  5. Swine (Pig) ProductionTerms for Understanding • Castration – the removal of testicals from the male swine for the purpose of improving feed conversion, disposition and meat quality

  6. Swine (Pig) ProductionTerms for Understanding • Boar– A male pig not castrated that is used for breeding purposes • Barrow- A male pig that IS castrated that is entirely meant for pork production

  7. Swine (Pig) ProductionTerms for Understanding • Sow– A female pig that has already produces a litter of baby pigs • Gilt- A female pig that has NOT produces a litter of baby pigs

  8. Breeds Of Swine

  9. Duroc • Origin-New York/New Jersey • Ears- Droopy • Color- Cherry Red • Misc.-Large Frame, Fast gainers, good mothers, Popular breed

  10. Hampshire • Origin-Kentucky • Ears-Erect • Color-Black with a White Belt • Misc.-The “Meat Breed” Excellent Carcass

  11. Berkshire • Origin-England • Ears-Erect • Color-Black with 6 White Points • Misc.-Short Snout, Meat type hog

  12. Poland China • Origin-Ohio • Ears-Droopy • Color- Black w/6White points • Misc.-Long body thick hams

  13. Spots (Spotted Poland China) • Origin-Ohio • Ears-Droopy • Color-no less than 20% or more than 80% White • Misc.-Good mothers, fast gainers

  14. Chester White • Origin-Pennsylvania • Ears-Droopy • Color-White with blue freckles • Misc.-good mothers, large frame

  15. Yorkshire • Origin-England • Ears-Erect • Color- White • Misc.-The Mother Breed, Largest Litters

  16. Landrace • Origin-Denmark • Ears-Droopy • Color-White • Misc.-Extremely Long Body

  17. Tamworth • Origin- ? • Ears-Erect • Color-Red • Misc.-Not Very good

  18. Swine Reproduction

  19. Reproduction

  20. Estrus The period of time a sow is receptive to the male for breeding purposes Comes every 21 days Last for 3 days Ovulation (egg production) occurs Swine Reproduction

  21. Fertilization The period of time in which the sperm actually unites with the eggs Multi-fertilization which causes multi-pig litters Swine Reproduction

  22. Gestation The time between fertilization and giving birth (parturition) 114 Day or 3 months, 3 weeks, and 3 days Swine Reproduction

  23. Farrowing a sow Components of controlled delivery Put sow in crate 1-5 Days before due date Exercise Daily Feed 6 lbs daily Once babies are born add one pound per pig to ration Swine Reproduction

  24. Farrowing Baby Pig Care - first 2 weeks Have feed out from day 1 Give iron shot ¼ cc Clip Teeth Castrate Ear notch Swine Reproduction

  25. Ear Notching Universal Swine Identification system Tags will come off in the feed pen Swine Reproduction

  26. Swine Reproduction • Ear Notching

  27. Swine Reproduction • Ear Notching

  28. Swine Reproduction • Ear Notching • Quiz

  29. Swine Reproduction • Ear Notching • The right (litter) ear is equal to 9+3+3+1=16 • The left (pig) ear is equal to 3 • This is the 16-3 pig.

  30. Swine for pork 50 to 70 % of total production cost Use a good commercial brand name feed In General an animal will eat 3% of its body weight Protein is the Key feed element Feeds & Feeding

  31. Protein % for Swine 18%- 0-5 weeks 16% - 5 weeks to 75 lbs 14%- 75lbs to 125lbs - 12%- 125 to the market weight of 250 pounds Feeds & Feeding

  32. Swine Digestive System • Monogastric animal Very different than a ruminate (cow, sheep) Digestion-Absorption and Excretion

  33. The PigNo rumination occurs b/c it chews its food so well • Takes in food • Chews it well • Mixes it saliva before swallowing • Saliva serves as lubrication and begins to break down feed into “building blocks”

  34. After chewing • The food moves down the Esophagus into the stomach. • The pig only has one stomach unlike the cow. Usually called the “simple stomach”. • Roughage digestion is very low. Due to NO rumen. • The stomach also acts as a storage site. • Most digestion of feed is found in the stomach and the small intestine.

  35. Small Intestine • The SI is made up of duodenum, jejunum and the Ileum. • In these compartments is where most adsorption of nutrients occurs. • From here the feed that is undigested or not absorbed moves from the Ileum to the Cecum.

  36. Large Intestine • Is made up of the Cecum, Colon, and Rectum. • Here in these areas water is absorbed. • All the reaming waste is excreted through the rectum.

  37. The End

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