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CHALLENGES TO 4G TECHNOLOGY

CHALLENGES TO 4G TECHNOLOGY. TOPICS TO BE COVERED. History of mobile phones 1G features 2G features and 2.5G Auction of 3G and its features Move towards 4G Delay in implementing 3G and 4G services Present status of these services in Asian countries Challenges to 4G technology.

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CHALLENGES TO 4G TECHNOLOGY

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  1. CHALLENGES TO 4G TECHNOLOGY

  2. TOPICS TO BE COVERED • History of mobile phones • 1G features • 2G features and 2.5G • Auction of 3G and its features • Move towards 4G • Delay in implementing 3G and 4G services • Present status of these services in Asian countries • Challenges to 4G technology

  3. HISTORY OF MOBILE PHONES • Begins with the early efforts to develop mobile telephony concepts using two way radios and continues through emergence of modern mobile phones and associated services. Divided into GENERATIONS • First generation (1G) • Second generation (2G) • Third generation (3G) • Fourth generation(4G)

  4. FIRSTGENERATION:CELLULARNETWORKS • Use of multiple cell sites • Ability to transfer calls from one site to the next • Used plain TDMA and FDMA • First cellular network that is 1G was launched in JAPAN by NTT in 1979 • Within 5 years, the NTT network covered the whole population of Japan

  5. OTHER FEATURES OF 1G • Narrow band analogue wireless network is used • Therefore voice calls can be made • Text messages could be sent • GPRS is not available in 1G • Roaming facility with in the country is available

  6. SECOND GENERATION • 2G mobile phone system emerged in 1990s using GSM standard • Differed from previous generation in their use of digital transmission instead of analog transmission • Usage of mobile phone was explosive with the introduction of 2G • This era also saw the advent of prepaid mobile phones

  7. 2G FEATURES • Narrow band wireless digital network is used • Gives more clarity in conversation • GPRS is not available in 2G • Roaming facility is semi-global • Uses a combination of FDMA and CDMA

  8. 2G MOBILE PHONE SYSTEMS

  9. PERSONAL HANDY-PHONE SYSTEMS AND MODEMS USED IN JAPAN AROUND 1997-2003

  10. 2 .5 G In b/w 2G & 3G no big evolution 2G + latest BW Technology

  11. MAIN 3G FEATURES • Access global roaming • Wideband voice channel • Gives clarity of voice • Fast communication • Mobile TV • Video conferencing • Video calls • MMS service • 3D gaming

  12. 3G SERVICES

  13. With a 3G Phone and access to the 3G network you can • Make video calls • Watch live TV • Access the high speed internet • Receive emails • Download music tracks • Download video of entertainment, News, Current affairs and sport content and • Video messaging • Usual voice calls and messaging service found on a mobile phone

  14. What is Video Call? When you talk to some body over phone and are able to see the person at other end on the screen of your phone then it is called a video call. How do I make Video Call? When you and your friend both have 3G mobiles, just dial his number. The only difference is that you press the Video Call button instead of the voice call button(All 3G mobiles have a video calling button). Then hold your mobile in front of you, and watch your screen. Stepwise: a) Key in the number of the person you wish to see and speak to b) Press video calling button to make your call c. Your video call is connected.

  15. What is Video Streaming? Video Streaming is a sequence of "moving images" that are sent in compressed form over the Internet and displayed by the viewer as they arrive. It allows user to view video contents while downloading is in progress. What is Video Ring Back Tone? As in an audio ring back tone you hear the song which the called party has selected to be played when he/she is called, in the same way During video ring back you will see a video as selected by the called party. How many persons can simultaneously have video conferencing? 10 People can have simultaneous video conferencing. One will be master . other 9 can add further 10 people in their Video conferencing group in which they will be master.

  16. AUCTION OF 3G • New Delhi: Day 3 of India’s long awaited 3G auction is currently underway, with 9 operators including Airtel, Vodafone and Reliance, participating. Successful bidders will be allowed to offer 3G services on a commercial basis from 1 September 2010. • The auction will be conducted online, with each participant bidding anonymously to maintain secrecy. The auction, monitored by the Telecom Ministry, will start with a reserve price of Rs. 320 crore for the metros, and is expected to make Indian administration’s coffers richer by about Rs. 35,000 crores. The auctioneer will raise the base price by 10 - 1% at every stage till the difference between the number of slots and bidders is less than three.

  17. AUCTION CONTD… • India, which is the fastest growing and second largest telecom market in the world, may expect 3G services, by successful bidders, from October onwards. • Over just the last 30 days, Samsung Electronics has launched three 3G-ready handsets in the Indian market. • Two of these phones— • the Wave, priced at Rs 19,100.00 • And the Galaxy S, to be retailed at Rs 31,500.00—were launched just last week, and mark the company’s entry into the smart-phone category in the country. • The third, the STAR NANO 3G, was launched late last month

  18. Why Move Towards 4G? • Limitation to meet expectations of applications like multimedia, full motion video, wireless teleconferencing • Wider Bandwidth • Difficult to move and interoperate due to different standards hampering global mobility and service portability • Primarily Cellular (WAN) with distinct LANs’; need a new integrated network • Limitations in applying recent advances in spectrally more efficient modulation schemes • Need all digital network to fully utilize IP and converged video and data

  19. 3G multi-media support Digital 2G

  20. Key 3G and 4G Parameters

  21. Key 4G Features • In addition to that of the services of 3G some additional features such as • Multi-Media Newspapers • Watch T.V programs with the clarity as to that of an ordinary T.V. • In addition, we can send Data much faster that that of the previous generations.

  22. What is the reason for delay in implementing 3G and 4G Mobile services? • The 3G services had only reached with in some towns of china, so that it may take time to reach to Other countries • Wide Band Frequency Spectrum is lacking. • Cost bearing item especially for sending data. • If it should be accepted among all customers, firstly it should be availed at a lower rate, for which the rate of spectrum should be declined

  23. Present Status of Telecommunication Services in Asian Countries • Now we are in the midst of 4G • . In China, the 3G service came into existence only by last February. • Therefore, that it may take time for exposing to other states. But we should also realize many other countries such as the Asian countries were using these services since last decade. • Due to these reasons, we can hope that the 4G may enter within a few years. The 3G (Third Generation) had also reached India recently. There is no doubt that within a few years India will be the first in telecom users also

  24. Key Challenges • Cost and revenue considerations • Spectral efficiency • Cost • Miniaturization and processing challenge

  25. CHALLENGES TO 4G TECHOLOGY • Power consumption • Additional hardware acceleration technology • Miniaturisation and processing challenge

  26. Key Challenges - cont’d - 1 • Signal Processing and optimizations • Handling extremely large number of users • Synchronous and asynchronous transmissions • Orthoganality/ correlation of large number of codes • Spectrum Pollution • Multi path re-enforcement / interference • Multi User Detection (MUD) and Adaptive Interference suppression techniques (ISI and MAI)

  27. Key Challenges - cont’d - 2 • Extremely Fast Arithmetic (esp. multiplication) • N Dimensional vector spaces • IFFT, FFT • Advanced DSP’s for parsing and processing data • Smart / Intelligent Antennas • Dynamically adjust beam pattern based on CQI • Switched beam Antennas; adaptive arrays • Coverage limitations due to high frequencies (> 5 GHz)

  28. Key Challenges - cont’d…. • Distribute intelligence to the edges • Very Smart User equipment; away from “network Centric” architecture • Access routers • Miniaturization esp User Equipment • Security and Levels of Quality of Service (QoS) • Encryption Protocols; Security and “trust of information” • Different rates, error profiles, latencies, burstiness • Dynamic optimization of scarce resources • Advanced Used interactions / presentation • Improved User interfaces • advanced Speech recognition and synthesis • Flexible displays

  29. CHALLENGES TO 4G TECHOLOGYCONTD…. • An ecosystem of businesses • Quality of service and traffic control • Power management

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