Aerodrome Training Course – Module 6

1. Aerodrome Training Course – Module 6 Services

2. Learning Outcome Participants will gain an overview of the services required to be provided at an international airport including: • Meteorology • Aeronautical Information Services • Instrument flight procedures • Air traffic control • Apron management • Aeronautical telecommunications • Rescue fire fighting • Security • With reference to documents they will be able to establish required service levels.

3. ICAO ANP

4. Meteorological Services • ICAO Annex 3 Meteorological Services for International Aviation • AIP GEN 3.5 details the services provided and the decodes of MET • Service provided direct to many airlines by commercial agreements with MET organisations

5. Meteorological Services • METAR – Routine aerodrome reports issued on the hour • SPECI – Special reports issued off the hour when weather element has changed significantly since METAR was issued • Take-off and Landing Reports – Issued by ATS immediately prior to take-off or landing. Can be transmitted on ATIS • SPAR- Special Aerodrome Reports issued by ATS contains only those elements of operational relevance eg X-wind, marginal WX etc • ARFOR – Area Forecasts • TAF – Aerodrome forecasts issued 4 times per day 1 hours before validity period • SIGMET- Report of enroute significant weather phenomena (volcanic, severeturbulence, icing etc • VOLMET – broadcast on HF of MET data for international aviation

6. Met Reports - Decode • METAR – • METAR NZWN 072100Z 36018KT 9999 FEW015 21/16 Q1015 NOSIG RMK KAUKAU 36021KT= • MET report for Wellington Airport 7th Jan 2100 UTC (8th Jan 10.00AM), Surface Wind 360°True 18 knots, visibility greater than 10km, 1-22 oktas cloud 1500ft above aerodrome level, temperature 21°C, dew point 16°C, Barometric sea level pressure 1015hPA, no significant weather, wind at Mt Kaukau 360° true 21 knots • TAF - TAF NZWN 071703Z 0718/0818 36018KT 9999 FEW010 BKN020 TEMPO 0718/0720 BKN014 TEMPO 0812/0818 BKN012 2000FT WIND 01025KT BECMG 0804/0806 34035KT = • Aerodrome forecast for Wellington Airport, issued at 7 Jan 1703 UTC valid from 1800 7th Jan UTC to 1800 8th Jan. Surface wind 360° 18kts, visibility greater than 10km, 1-2 oktas cloud 1000ft above aerodrome, 5-7 oktas cloud 2000ft, between 1800 – 2000 UTC for period less than 1 hour 5-7 oktas cloud 14000ft and between 1200- 1800 UTC for periods less than 1 hour 5-7 oktas cloud 1200ft. Wind at 2000ft 010° true 25 knots becoming 0400 – 0600 UTC 340°true 35 knots.

7. Aeronautical Information Service • AIS specified in ICAO Annex 15 Aeronautical Information Services. • AIS consists of: • Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP) – contains information of a permanent nature • Aeronautical charts • AIP Supplement information of 1 day to 4 months duration • NOTAM information able to changed on H24 basis • Pre-flight briefing services • Information required to be published in AIP detailed in Annex 15 Appendix 1 Part 3 (AD Section) • Aerodrome Information required to be provided to AIS by aerodrome operator detailed in Annex 14 Chapter 2

8. AIS • AIRAC Cycle (Aeronautical Information Regulation and Control) Common date very 28 days to make changes to aeronautical information coordinated on a global basis. • Information Management – Amount of information required to support aviation and the modern navigation and flight management system has meant a significant change is under way in how AIS data is collated and distributed to ensure accuracy and integrity of the data. Becoming dependent on electronic medium for all data. • AIXM – Aeronautical Information Exchange Model – common model for electronic packing and exchange of AIS started with Eurocontrol and now being accepted Globally

9. AIS Data

10. AIS Data

11. AIS Data

12. AIS - NOTAM • A NOTAM shall be originated and issued promptly whenever the information to be distributed is of a temporary nature and of short duration or when operationally significant permanent changes, or temporary changes of long duration are made at short notice, except for extensive text and/or graphics. • Note 1.— Operationally significant changes concerning circumstances listed in Appendix 4, Part 1, are issued under the Aeronautical Information Regulation and Control (AIRAC) system specified in Chapter 6. (AIP Text/charts) • Note 2.— Information of short duration containing extensive text and/or graphics is published as an AIP Supplement • CHECK AIS CUT OFF DATES TO USE SUPPLEMENT RATHER THAN MISUSE NOTAM

13. AIS – Aerodrome Data • Aerodrome Reference Point shall be measured and reported to the aeronautical information services authority in degrees, minutes and seconds. • The aerodrome elevation and geoid undulation at the aerodrome elevation position shall be measured to the accuracy of one-half metre or foot and reported to the aeronautical information services authority. • For non-precision approaches, the elevation and geoid undulation of each threshold, the elevation of the runway end and any significant high and low intermediate points along the runway shall be measured to the accuracy of one-half metre or foot • For precision approach runway, the elevation and geoid undulation of the threshold, the elevation of the runway end and the highest elevation of the touchdown zone shall be measured to the accuracy of one-quarter metre or foot

14. Aerodrome Data • An aerodrome reference temperature shall be determined for an aerodrome in degrees Celsius • runway — true bearing to one-hundredth of a degree, designation number, length, width, displaced threshold location to the nearest metre or foot, slope, surface type, type of runway and, for a precision approach runway category I, the existence of an obstacle free zone when provided; • Strip /runway end safety area/ stopway - length, width to the nearest metre or foot, surface type; • taxiway — designation, width, surface type; • apron — surface type, aircraft stands • the boundaries of the air traffic control service • clearway — length to the nearest metre or foot, ground profile; • visual aids for approach procedures, marking and lighting of runways, taxiways and aprons, other visual guidance and control aids on taxiways and aprons, including taxi-holding positions and stopbars, and location and type of visual docking guidance systems

15. Aerodrome Data • location and radio frequency of any VOR aerodrome checkpoint; • location and designation of standard taxi-routes; • distances to the nearest metre or foot of localizer and glide path elements comprising an instrument landing system (ILS) or azimuth and elevation antenna of a microwave landing system (MLS) in relation to the associated runway extremities • The geographical coordinates of each threshold shall be measured and reported to the aeronautical information services authority in degrees, minutes, seconds and hundredths of seconds. • The geographical coordinates of appropriate taxiway centre line points shall be measured and reported to the aeronautical information services authority in degrees, minutes, seconds and hundredths of seconds. • The geographical coordinates of each aircraft stand shall be measured and reported to the aeronautical information services authority in degrees, minutes, seconds and hundredths of seconds • The geographical coordinates of obstacles in Area 2 (TMA) & Area 3 (within aerodrome boundary)

16. Aerodrome Data • Strength of Pavements – PCN • One or more pre-flight altimeter check locations shall be established for an aerodrome. • The following distances shall be calculated to the nearest metre or foot for a runway intended for use by international commercial air transport: a) take-off run available; b) take-off distance available; c) accelerate-stop distance available; and d) landing distance available. • The condition of the movement area and the operational status of related facilities shall be monitored and reports on matters of operational significance or affecting aircraft performance given, - Works, broken surface, snow, slush, visual aid failures , secondary power failure

17. Declared Distances

18. Aerodrome Data • Disabled aircraft removal • Rescue fire fighting • VASIS – Type, Axis, Slope, MEHT • Coordination between aeronautical information services and aerodrome authorities – Agreement • WGS 84 – all geographic coordinates - “Dennis war story”

19. Type A Chart

20. Air Traffic Services • Air traffic service. A generic term meaning variously, flight information service, alerting service, air traffic advisory service, air traffic control service (area control service, approach control service or aerodrome control service). • Air traffic control service. A service provided for the purpose of: a) preventing collisions: 1) between aircraft, and 2) on the manoeuvring area between aircraft and obstructions; b) expediting and maintaining an orderly flow of air traffic. • Level of Service Dependent on amount and type of air traffic and designation of surrounding airspace.

21. Air Traffic Control • ATC requirescertification as an ATS provider Annex11 • Air traffic control tower provides an aerodrome control service for aircraft on the manoeuvring area and in the local circuit up to2000ft. Approach and area control are normally provided from ACC • ATC Separations Vertical 1000ft Lateral Radar 5NM with 3NM at certain major airports Lateral Procedural angular split depending on navaid and DME distance and/or time • CNS-ATM/PBN Significant enhancement to achieve aircraft operating efficiencies, reduced flight times/track miles

22. Apron Management Service • Apron management service means a service provided to regulate the activities and the movement of aircraft and vehicles on an apron: • Apron means a defined area on a land aerodrome intended to accommodate aircraft for the purpose of loading or unloading passengers or cargo, refuelling, parking, or maintenance: • Manoeuvring area— (1) means that part of an aerodrome to be used for the take-off and landing of aircraft and for the surface movement of aircraft associated with take-off and landing; but (2) does not include areas set aside for loading, unloading, or maintenance of aircraft: • Movement area means that part of an aerodrome intended to be used for the take-off and landing of aircraft and for the surface movement of aircraft, and includes the manoeuvring area, maintenance areas, and aprons:

23. Apron Management Service When warranted by the volume of traffic and operating conditions, an appropriate apron management service should be provided on an apron by an aerodrome ATS unit, by another aerodrome operating authority, or by a cooperative combination of these, in order to: a) regulate movement with the objective of preventing collisions between aircraft, and between aircraft and obstacles; b) regulate entry of aircraft into, and coordinate exit of aircraft from, the apron with the aerodrome control tower; and c) ensure safe and expeditious movement of vehicles and appropriate regulation of other activities. NOTE AMS is not an Air Traffic Service

24. Apron Management Service AMS may be provided by the aerodrome ATS unit, by a unit set up by The airport company, by airline/GSH, or by coordinated control between ATS and the airport company. Coordinated AMS Radio control of aircraft requiring start up or push back is vested with ATC tower and control of vehicles is the responsibility of the airport Company. Instructions to aircraft is given on the understanding that separation between aircraft and vehicles not under radio control is not Included in the instruction. Airport company has effective control of vehicles through licensing Drivers and vehicles, procedures, airside roads etc.

25. Instrument Flight Procedures Primary and Secondary areas OAS Primary areas 2 sigma (95%) containment Secondary areas 3 sigma (99.7%) containment

26. Instrument Flight Procedures Categories of Aircraft Aircraft performance has a direct effect on the airspace and visibility required for the various manoeuvres associated with the conduct of instrument approach procedures. The most significant performance factor is aircraft speed. Based on 1.3Vs (stall speed max cert landing weight)

27. Instrument Approach Procedures

28. Aeronautical Telecommunications • Requires to comply with Annex 10 to provide telecommunication service – CNS • Communications – VHF A/G voice, HF A/G voice, HF A/G data, VHF A/G data, Satellite A/G data, G/G voice, G/G data (AFTN and ATN) • Navigation – NDB, VOR, DME, ILS, TACAN (MIL), GNSS-GBAS, GNSS-SBAS, GNSS-ABAS • Surveillance – Primary Radar (PSR), Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Mode A, Mode C, Mode S, ADS-B, ADS-C, Multi-lateration

29. Aerodrome Emergency Plan • Aerodromes emergency plan (AEP) shall be established commensurate with the aircraft operations. The plan shall contain procedures for periodic testing of the adequacy of the plan • Aerodrome emergency planning is the process of preparing an aerodrome to cope with an emergency occurring at the aerodrome or in its vicinity. The objective of aerodrome emergency planning is to minimize the effects of an emergency, particularly in respect of saving lives and maintaining aircraft operations. The aerodrome emergency plan sets forth the procedures for coordinating the response of different aerodrome agencies (or services) and of those agencies in the surrounding community that could be of assistance in responding to the emergency.

30. AEP - Content • Types of emergencies. Provide for the coordination of agencies in responding to anticipated emergencies at the aerodrome or in the aerodrome vicinity. Emergencies can be generally categorised into two different groupings depending upon how the plan is structured. There are emergencies that involve aircraft and those that do not. –Full, local standby, • Procedures for prompt response to emergencies. • Guidance to personnel • The role and the responsibility of each agency • EOC – Command Centre • Names, telephone numbers, contact details • Grid map local area

31. AEP Operator Requirements • Requires Aerodrome operator to coordinate and ensure participation of all relevant parties in developing plan • Maintenance of Plan – Full exercise every 2 years, partial emergency exercise every other year, debrief after every emergency and exercise, • Ensure plan is updated as required

32. Rescue Fire-Fighting Service Level of Protection(category) dependent on size of aircraft operating at airport. Where number of movements of aircraft of highest category less than 700 in busiest consecutive 3 months allowed to provide 1 category below (up to Nov 09)

33. RFFS Extinguishing Agents

34. RFFS Aircraft Crash Locations

35. RFFS • Response Time – from receiving initial call to 1st on site applying foam at 50% rate as per 9-2 not to exceed 3 minutes to any point of each operational runway and (recommended) movement area. • Minimum numbers of vehicles Cat 1-5 1, cat 5-7 2, Cat 8-10 3. • Personnel – sufficient in number and readily available to operate the rescue and fire-fighting vehicles and equipment at maximum capacity • Aerodrome location near water or difficult terrain specialist rescue services and equipment such as boats

36. Practical Exercises • What coordinate system should be used for publishing geographic coordinates in the AIP: (a) States nationally adopted datum, (b) WGS72, (c) WGS 84 • What is the requirements for the accuracy and integrity of an instrument runway precision Cat 1 runway threshold coordinates • Complete the handout on declared distances