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Unit 11 Test Review

Unit 11 Test Review. 1960’s & Vietnam. JFK Administration. John F. Kennedy – Elected in 1960, youngest president, new hope for US New Frontier – Presidential policy to encourage American idealism

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Unit 11 Test Review

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  1. Unit 11 Test Review 1960’s & Vietnam

  2. JFK Administration • John F. Kennedy – Elected in 1960, youngest president, new hope for US • New Frontier – Presidential policy to encourage American idealism • Bay of Pigs Invasion – 1961 Plan to overthrow Cuban leader Fidel Castro. Failure, embarrassment to Kennedy's foreign policy

  3. Berlin Wall – 1961 Built to divide communist East Berlin from capitalist West Berlin • Cuban Missile Crisis – 1962 Soviet nuclear missiles set up in Cuba aimed at US, closest world has been to nuclear war • JFK Assassination – November 22, 1963 in Dallas, Texas by Lee Harvey Oswald

  4. How did the American people feel about the government in the early 1960’s? • Trusting, the government was referred to as “Camelot” • How did Kennedy respond to the Cuban Missile Crisis? • Naval blockade of Cuba & threatened to invade if missiles weren’t removed

  5. LBJ Administration • Lyndon B. Johnson – Became president following JFK assassination, then reelected in 1964 • Johnson’s Great Society – Presidential policy to improve life for all Americans, socially & economically • Affirmative Action – Required employers to actively hire minorities

  6. War on Poverty – attempt to end poverty in the US, Economic Opportunity Act 1965 & Job Corps • Medicare Act of 1965 – expansion of Social Security to guarantee health care to people 65+ • Aid to Cities – provided money for urban planning, slum clearance, & rental assistance

  7. Berry Goldwater – Conservative Republican ran against LBJ in the 1964 election. Critical of Great Society, b/c it gave gov’t too much control • Immigration Act of 1965 – Gave equal immigration quotas to all countries, limits Latin American immigration for the 1st time

  8. How did the people’s attitude towards the government change by the late 1960’s? • Changed to distrust • What caused this change? • Media; government said one thing, but you saw something different on TV

  9. 1960’s Culture • “British Invasion” – British bands coming to America and influencing American artists • Counterculture – Rebelling against society norms • Hippies – Left “mainstream” life to live on self-sufficient communes

  10. The 26th Amendment – Due to the Vietnam War; Changed voting age from 21 to 18 • What was the goal of the youth culture during the 1960’s? • Baby boomers rebelling against their parents and older generation. Peace and Love solves all problems.

  11. Vietnam War • Ho Chi Minh – Leader of communist North Vietnam • Vietcong – Guerilla forces in South Vietnam that supported Ho Chi Minh • Guerilla Warfare – “Hit-and-Run” style of warfare, American forces didn’t know how to fight against

  12. Geneva Conference – Vietnam was divided into two states, and meant to be reunited after elections in 1956 • Domino Theory – If one SE Asia country falls to communism they will all fall

  13. Gulf of Tonkin Resolution – Passed after 2 US ships were attacked by N. Vietnamese, Congress gave President Johnson full military power to stop N. Vietnamese aggression. Used to escalate the war. • War Escalation – Increasing the war effort, started with LBJ

  14. Agent Orange – Herbicide dropped over Vietnam to expose Vietcong hide outs • Napalm – Gasoline-based jelly that would burn out of control, caused great damage to Vietnam • Media – TV/newspaper: used to influence public opinion about the Vietnam war

  15. The Tet Offensive – 1968; Vietcong launched massive attack on S. Vietnam. Turning point: even though the US defeated the Vietcong (positive), it was a psychological victory for Vietcong (negative). US support for war decreased further.

  16. Roy Benavidez – Congressional Medal of Honor winner for risking his life to save others • Hawks & Doves – Split among US people: Hawks = pro-war; Doves = Anti-war

  17. Credibility Gap – Americans losing faith in the government, fueled by media • Anti-war Movement – beginning about 1965, young people started protests to end the war

  18. What role did the media play in the Vietnam War? • The “living room” war, caused Americans to question the gov’t. What the gov’t said and what was seen on TV didn’t match. • How did people demonstrate/protest during the Anti-war movement? • Burned draft cards, held rallies, organized marches, staged demonstrations

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