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Science Investigations

Measures of Science. Science Investigations. Scientific Notation. Why do we use it? Expresses decimal places as powers of 10 Written in the form M x 10 n M (mantissa): numerical part of the value written as a number between 1 and 9 Only write one digit to the left of the decimal point

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Science Investigations

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  1. Measures of Science Science Investigations

  2. Scientific Notation • Why do we use it? • Expresses decimal places as powers of 10 • Written in the form M x 10n • M (mantissa): numerical part of the value written as a number between 1 and 9 • Only write one digit to the left of the decimal point • n (exponent): a power of 10

  3. Example: Which of the following is expressed correctly? 55.92 x 106 or 5.592 x 107 0.33 x 104 or 3.3 x 103 55 x 10 or 55 x 102

  4. Rules • Numbers GREATER than ten have POSITIVE exponents that represent the number of places the decimal point was moved • 450, ooo 4.5 x 105 • Numbers LESS than ten have NEGATIVE exponents that represent the number of places the decimal point was moved • 0.0081  8.1 x 10-3

  5. Practice on Sheet • Conventional vs. Scientific notation

  6. Using Calculator to type exponents • Scientific Calculator • 9.2 x 10-4 • 9.2 EE/EXP -4 • Graphing Calculator • Also type in EE/EXP in place of x10

  7. Practice • Practice adding , subtracting, multiplying, and dividing on sheet

  8. Metric System • Decimal system based on powers of 10 • Uses prefixes (milli, centi, hecto, ect.) to change amount of SI units (g, L, m) • SI: International System – used worldwide

  9. SI Base Units • Length: meter (m) • Time: second (s) • Mass: gram (g) • Volume: Liter (L)

  10. Derived Units • Combination of base units • m/s • m/s2

  11. SI Prefixes

  12. Stop • Practice converting between base units and prefixes

  13. Significant Digits • The valid digits in a measurement • Includes all the digits that you are certain about, plus one estimated digit

  14. Sig. Digit Rules • Every nonzero digit is significant Ex. 24.7, 237 (3 sig. figs.) • Zeros betweennonzeros are significant Ex. 7003, 40.07 (4 sig. figs)

  15. Sig. Digit Rules • Zeros appearing in front of nonzero digits are not significant -act as placeholders, show magnitude Ex. 0.000042, 0.34 (2 sig. figs.) • Zeros at the end of a number and to the right of a decimal point are significant Ex. 43.60, 1.010 (4 sig. figs.)

  16. Sig. Digit Rules • Zeros at the end of the number without a decimal point aren’t significant Ex. 300 (1 sig. fig.), 27,300 (3 sig. figs.)

  17. Sig. Digit Short Cut 23.50 23,400 0.00560

  18. Multiplication and Division w/ Sig. Digits • Your answer can’t have more sig. digits than the number in the calculation with the least amount of sig. digits • Ex. Finding Area • Length = 60.564278 m • Width = 35.25 m • Answer = 2135 m2, not 2134.8908 m2

  19. Addition and Subtraction w/ Sig. Digits • Answers can’t have more numbers to the right of the decimal point than the number with the least amount of numbers to the right of the decimal point • Ex. 22.03 + 23.1 = 45.1

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