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Types of C.T.Fibers

Types of C.T.Fibers. There are three(3) types of C.T. 1-white collagennous fibers 2-yellow elastic fibers 3-reticular fibers. 1-White Collagenous Fibers. Shape: colourless wavy branching bundles,the fibers run paralled to each other Charcter: soft,strong&flexible but not elastic fibers.

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Types of C.T.Fibers

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  1. Types of C.T.Fibers • There are three(3) types of C.T. • 1-white collagennous fibers • 2-yellow elastic fibers • 3-reticular fibers

  2. 1-White Collagenous Fibers • Shape: • colourless wavy branching bundles,the fibers run paralled to each other • Charcter: • soft,strong&flexible but not elastic fibers

  3. Structures: • formed of protein known as (collagen) which can be digested by pepsin&trypsin enzymes • Staining: • collagenous fibers are acidophilic, • stain pink with eosin,red in • van-Gison&blue with Mallory stain

  4. Types of collagen • There are five(5) types of collagen • 1-Type I collagen: • Present: • losse C.T.,White fibro-cartilage,bone&teeth this type is formed by fibroblast,osteoblast,odontoblast • 2-Type II collagen: • hyaline&elastic cartilage&formed by chondroblast

  5. 3-Type III collagen: • skin ,smooth muscle&reticular fibers formed by fibroblast&by smooth muscle cells • 4-Type IV collagen: present in the basement • membrane of epithelial tissue&lenes of eye,It formed by fibroblast&by endothelial cells • 5-Type V collagen: • in placenta,it is formed by fibroblast

  6. 2-Elastic fibers • Shape: • fine,straight branching fibers • Carachter: • the fibers branched&anastomose with each other • They run singly&not in bundles • Appear yellow in fresh state

  7. Structures: • formed of protein known as elastin which is resistant to chemical and to boiling • Can digested by the pancreatic elastase enzyme • Staining: • brown with orcein,black with verhoeff and yellow with van-Gison

  8. Orecin Stain for Elastin – purple “ribbon candy”

  9. 3-Reticular Fibers • Shape: • they are thin,branched anastomose to form anetwork or reticulum • Strucures: • -formed of protein known as collagen type III • -Staining: Black with silver

  10. Sliver Stain for Reticular Fibers

  11. PAS stain of epithelial basement membranes (BM)

  12. Masson’s Trichrome Stain – blue = collagen

  13. Areolar Tissue Pink = collagen Purple = elastin

  14. following 6 types of C.T. proper • 1-Areolar C.T. • 2-Adipose tissue • 3-Yellow elastic C.T. • 4-White Collagenous C.T. • 5-Reticular C.T. • 6-Micoid C.T.

  15. 1-Areolar C.T. • Commone type in the human body contain all types of C.T.fibers&C.T. cells • Function: • packaging material for other tissue

  16. Structures: • formed of aloose matrix formed of mucopolysacchids contain areolar(spaces)filled with air or fluid • C.T. cells&C.T. fibers are embedded in the loose matrix • C.T. cells are mainly fibroblasts,macrophages,fat &mast cells • C.T. fibers are mainly collagenous which are found in dermis of skin

  17. Sites: • 1-submucosa of digestive tract • 2-Present in all over the body except brain tissue&under dermis of skin • 3-pleura,peritoneum&pericardium • 4-under epithelial lining of organs • 5-around the organs&blood vessels

  18. 2-Adipose C.T • . • The fat cells develop from(UMC) transformed in lipoblast then into fat cells

  19. There are 2 types of adipose C.T. • A.White Adipose Tissue • B.Brown Adipose tissue

  20. A-White adipose tissue • Composed of large fat cells • These fat cells have eccentric flat nuclei • -the rim of cytoplasm around the nuclei contain few cell organelles • These fat cells can form fatty acids from glucprotien processes is regulate by hormones as insulin • This type affect by hormones&by the restriction of diet(regime)

  21. Function of White Adipose C.T. • -Heat insulator&fat storge areas • Gives the body normal shape • Sites: • 1-under the skin(in female)present in mammary glands&gluteal region • 2-Around the kidney&blood vessels • 3-in mesentry,omentum,abdominal wall

  22. B-Brown adipose C.T • . • Formed of small fat cells filled with many droplets of pigmented lipid • Develops mainly in the emrbyo from UMC.persist for few months after birth,supplies new born infant with heat to protect them from cold

  23. Function: • Heat generator,gives,heat to the different body organs • Site: • Interscapular region,axillary region,mediastinal around the thoracic aort • Present: • Eyelid,lung

  24. 3-Elastic C.T. • Appears yellow when present in afresh condition • -stained brown with orecin stain • -elastic fibers separated with areolar C.T. • -elastic tissue stretchable • -elastic tissue is present in the form of elastic membranes as in aorta

  25. Site: • -aorta&large arteries • -bronchi,bronchioles&around alveoli of lung • -ligment nuchae(in the back of the neck)to facilitate movments of trunk&neck

  26. 4-White Collagenous • Very dense type of C.T.form collagenous fibers • -seperated from each other by areolar C.T. • Arrangement of the collagenous bundles • White fibrous C.T.may be regular or irregular • Fibroblast===tendon cells • The fibroblast are triangular in shape with basophilic cytoplasm cell&their nuclei are oval in shape

  27. Type of white collagenous C.T • . • 1-regular white collagenous C.T. regular collagenous bundles present cornea,eye,tendons of muscle • 2-Irregular white collagenous:irregular collagenous bundles

  28. Present: • 1-sclera • 2-capsule • 3-dura mater • 4-perichondrium,periosteum • 5-Reticular C.T. • From the stroma or background of glands

  29. 5-Reticular C.T.is formed of • a-reticular fibers which are thin fibers • b-reticular cells which are stellate shape cells • c-mononuclear phagocitic cells • the reticular cells&fibers form anetwork • Staining: • Brown with silver stain

  30. Site: • 1-present in the stroma of bone marrow • 2-stroma or framework of the spleen,lymph nodese,liver,testis,ovary&endocrine glands • 3-kidney,lung&gastro-intestinal tract

  31. 6-Mucoid C.T. • Fromed of • 1-mucoid cells which are young fibroblast • 2-matrix formed of hyaloronic acid&collagenous fibers

  32. Site of mucoid C.T • . • 1-umbilical cord(between the blood vessels of umbilical cord where it is calles wartons jelly) • 2-in adult it is present in vitreous of the eye ball&pulp of growing teeth

  33. The pigmented type of C.T. • Is an adult type of C.T. proper similar to areolar C.T. • It is very rich in pigment cells • Present in the iris,ciliary body&choroids of the eye

  34. Function of C.T. proper • Support&connects organs&tissue together • C.T.plasma cells secret antbodies,mast cells secrete histamine&heprine • C.T.is important in regeneration&healing of wounds • Defency&immune response

  35. Cartilage • Definition: • it is firm rigid flexible dense C.T poor in blood supply • Structures: • 1-cartilage cell:young&mature chondrocytes • 2-C.T. Fibers:collagenous&elastic C.T.Fibers • 3-Matrix:formed of collagen glycoproteins

  36. Cartilage Cells • 1-Young Chondrocytes== Condroblast==Chondrogenic cells • -flat cells with flat nuclei they can divide • -cytoplasm is basophilic contains all organoid&inclusions • -present mainly under the perichondrium

  37. 2-Mature Chondrocytes • Rounded cells with round nuclei • -cytoplasm is basophilic contain all organoids&inclusion,rich in glucogen fat&phosphatase enzymes • Condrocytes can divid present in group called cell nests • -the groups of cartilage cells are surrounded with aspaces called lacuna

  38. Function of mature chondrocytes: • synthesis type II collagen proteoglycans,hyaluronic acid&chondroprotein of the matrix

  39. Matrix of cartilage • -rubbery in consistency • -formed of proteins called proteoglcans,hyaluronic acid • -glycoprotein&type II collagen • Basophilic in staining,blue with hematoxline

  40. Type of Cartilage • Carilage cells&the C.T. fibers are embeded in rubbery matrix in order,following 3 types of cartilage • 1-Hyaline cartilage(appears glassy) • 2-Elastic fibro-cartilage(contain elastic fibers) • 3-white fibro-cartilage(white collagenous bundles)

  41. Hyaline Cartilage • Commonest type of cartilage,translucent&pale blue in color • The matrix is poor in blood supply • -covered by avascular membrane or perichondrium • -perichondrium is formed of • a-outer fibrous layer of collagenous bundles:rich in B.V.&fibroblast • b-Inner chondrogenic layer formed of chondroblast which can be change into chondrocytes can divid&can secrete new matrix

  42. Function of perichondrium • 1-supplies cartilage with blood • 2-chondroblast form matrix of cartilage • 3-provides an attachment for muscles

  43. Embeded in matrix are 2 types of cartilage cells • 1-Young chondrocytes: flat cells surround by lacunne they have flat nuclei&basophilic cytoplasm present single cells under the perichondrium

  44. 2-Mature Chondrocytes • Spherical cells with round nuclei&basophilic cytoplasm rich in phosphatase enzymes • Each cells is present in aspace called Lacune

  45. Site of hyline cartilage • 1-costal cartilages present in thoraciccage • 2-cartilage of respiratory passages,nose,trachea,bronchi,larnx • 3-articular surface of joints(cartlage is not carred with perichondrium)

  46. 2-Yellow elastc fibro-cartilage • This type of carilage is similar structures to hyaline cartilage but • a-the matrix is rich in elastic fibers surround by cartilage cell surround by perichondrium • b-this cartilage is flexible&yellow in color due to presence of elastic fibers

  47. site of elastic-fibro cartilage • 1-Epiglotitis,artetenoid,corniculate • 2-External ear&Eustachian tube

  48. 3-White fibro-cartilage • Characteristic of fibro-cartlage • 1-simillar to hyaline cartilage very rich in type I collagen fibers • 2-matrix is acidophilic due to presence of type I collagen • 3-formed of chondrocytes • 4-cartilage cells arranged in rows or in columns • 5-the white F-C. is not covered by chondrium • 6-cartlage cells are separated by acidophilic collagenous bundles

  49. Site of W.F.C. in the body • 1-presence in the intervertebral disc • 2-semilunar cartilage of knee joints • 3-symphysis pubis,acetabulum • 4-discs between sterno-clavicular&mandibular joint • 5-terminal parts of the muscle tendon

  50. Function • 1-maintaining the patency of respiratory passages • 2-cartilage&bone form the skeleton of body • 3-cartilage forms asmooth firm surface for the articular joints • 3-cartilage is essential for growth of bone before birth • 4-cartilage&bone protect essential organs as lung,brain&bone marrow

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