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To obtain SLR records. Tide gauge records (RSLR) Find something that “keeps up” with sea level (coral reefs, marshes) RSLR -- worry about crustal movements! GPS data. Measure absolute SLR from satellite data (average over many points - tides, dynamic ocean topography). Sea level change.
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To obtain SLR records Tide gauge records (RSLR) Find something that “keeps up” with sea level (coral reefs, marshes) RSLR -- worry about crustal movements! GPS data. Measure absolute SLR from satellite data (average over many points - tides, dynamic ocean topography)
Sea level change Volume of ocean basins Mass of water Volume of water
Subsidence • Subsidence can be substantial exceeding the eustatic component significantlyLong Beach, CA: > 6 m due to hydrocarbon extractionTokyo: 3.5 m due to water extractionOsaka: > 2 m due to water extractionCoastal Louisiana: Up to 1 m per century due to natural and anthropogenic causes
Is Sea Level Accelerating? (1) There are Indications of Sea Level Acceleration Although They Are Weak and do not Appear to be Increasing(2) Probably Won’t Know About Anthropogenic Effects Definitively for 30 or More Years
Long Island Sound Relative Sea level Rise Curves Varekamp and Thomas
Projected Coastal Megacities: 2010By 2100, tens of millions/year will have to respond to coastal flooding; Most vulnerable regions are South and South-East Asia; Africa; Carribean; Indian Ocean Islands; Pacific Ocean Islands. Tianjin Dhaka Seoul Osaka Istanbul Tokyo New York Shanghai Los Angeles Manila Bangkok Lagos Mumbai Lima Karachi Madras Jakarta Rio de Janeiro Buenos Aires Calcutta
Not Good, about 2300 people drowned