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Neuron

Neuron. Neurons. How do biological processes relate to behavior?. Neurons : the communicators of the nervous system. Transmitting signals. Fluids containing positively charged ions (NA+) (K+) and negatively charged ions ( Cl -) are constantly passing through the cell membrane

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Neuron

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  1. Neuron

  2. Neurons How do biological processes relate to behavior?

  3. Neurons : the communicators of the nervous system

  4. Transmitting signals • Fluids containing positively charged ions (NA+) (K+) and negatively charged ions (Cl-) are constantly passing through the cell membrane • Inactive neuron has more negative inside than outside • this creates a store of energy called resting potential

  5. Transmitting signals cont. • When the cell is stimulated it lets in positively charged sodium ions. • This creates action potential • Short-lived charge • Sends information down the axon to the axon terminals

  6. Transmitting signals cont. • After the action potential zooms down the axon, the channels in the membrane close. • No more sodium can get in. • They remain closed for a short amount of time and no impulses can fire • This is called the refractory period

  7. ALL-OR-NONE • The neuron either fires or it doesn’t

  8. The Synapse

  9. Neurotransmitters • Neurotransmitters cross the synaptic gap • When the action potential reaches the terminal buttons, the neurotransmitters are released. • Bind to receptor sites • Like keys • Extra neurotransmitter is returned to the cell (reuptake)

  10. Transmitting signal • Excitatory response (+charge) –depolarization • Action potential likely • Inhibitory response (- charge) –hyperpolarization • Action potential unlikely • If the voltage changes enough to reach threshold, the neuron will fire.

  11. Sodium Potassium pump • To get ready for another action potential, Na+ needs to be pumped out and K+ needs to be pumped in.

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