Nursing Journal Club

1. Nursing Journal Club Connecting Research, Evidence-Based Practice & Education with Daily Nursing Care By: Trisha Ryan, RN, MSN, MHA Acting Nurse Educator, PeriAnesthesia Nursing Services, Johns Hopkins Hospital September, 2013

2. Objectives • Background Data on Nursing Journal Clubs. • Evidence Based Practice & Journal Clubs. • Research & Journal Clubs. • Journal Clubs & Magnet. • Journal Clubs influence on Nursing Education. • How to start a Journal Club. • Journal Club Criteria. • How to maintain interest & keep process growing.

3. Journal Club Background Data • First Journal club – 1875 – Sir William Osler ( medical only). • Two main functions of Journal Clubs: • Keep nurses & students up to date on clinical research. • Improve clinical nurses ability to evaluate published research critically. • Journal Clubs play key roles in EBP, Research, Nursing Education & Patient Care. • First nursing late 20th century. (Patel, & et all, 2011) (Pierre, 2005)

4. Influence of Journal Clubs on Evidence Based Practice (EBP) • Encourages clinicians to apply their updated data to relevant cases. • Encourages RNs to use current, up to date knowledge to facilitate EBP practices. • Help RNs to understand & incorporate new knowledge into daily practice. • Enhances RN appraisal skills & the learning process. (Patel, & et all, 2011)

5. Journal Clubs & Magnet Status • Magnet facilities are top 6% for nursing care. • Skills in quality care & quality improvement. • Nursing Journal Clubs: great first step in demonstrating Magnet level status. • Improves stakeholder buy-in to improving care. • Meets many facilities designs for strategic goal planning regarding Magnet. (Patel, & et all, 2011)

6. Journal Clubs Influenceson Nursing Research • Barriers to Nursing Research • RNs’ inability to understand, critique,& interpret data found in research journals • RNs’ perceived inability to affect change • RN leadership not supportive of nursing research • Ways Nursing Journal Clubs can help • Improves RN’s ability to interpret & critique data • Improves RN’s confidence in research role • Encourages RN leadership to support research efforts. (O’Nan, 2011)

7. Journal Clubs & Nursing Education Positives & Negatives • Assists students to develop critical thinking skills while still in a classroom setting. • Fostered collaborative learning activities for RNs & nursing students. • Pertinent topics, sufficient time, comfortable setting, & interactive/ motivated facilitators promote learning. • Journal clubs thought to be great “teaching & learning methods that promote understanding, attitudes, motivation & competencies essential for producing evidence based care.” • Increased dishonesty with nursing students that participated in journal clubs (plagiarism). (Laaksonen, & et al, 2013) (Laaksonen, & et al, 2013, p 286) (Woith, Jenkins, & Kerber, 2012)

8. How to start a Journal Club • Determine whether unit based or hospital based. • Work with Department Lead person to back process. • Determine locations to search for Journal Club level articles. • Determine meeting locations. • Determine proper times & dates that RNs can attend. • Be prepared to devote time each month to the process. • Become credentialed in applying for CEUs through ANCC. (AJCC, 2002)

9. Journal Club Criteria for CEUs • Peer Reviewed article at least 7 pages = 1 hr CEU. • Article no more than 5 years old. • Needs assessment performed relating to topic. • CEUs File forms 1 month prior. • Pay for any ANCC CEU dues. • Must have evaluations from RNs. • Must keep attendance record 5 yrs.

10. How to check the validity of the Journal or Research article • Peer Reviewed - # 1 test. • Current research (< 5 yrs old). • Demographic group. • Noted Bias’. • Missing groups. • Type of research – Quantitative/ Qualitative: • Quantitative – Looking for # of common factors. • Qualitative - Looking for factors that affect outcomes. (AJCC, 2002)

11. Formulate Journal club objectives • Look at 3 major categories in the article: • Demographics, population, mix of pts or criteria. • Treatment or action specifics. • Strength of research – look for possible bias. • Formulate key items for each category to focus on. • Formulate questions relating to points that get staff looking for material within the article. • Formulate two ways to look at each category (ask what if and what if not?).

12. Formulate Journal club questions • Review article for thought provoking questions. • “Relate to practice” questions – Who has had this experience? • Ask for group experiences with issues. • Look for specific topic questions. • Objective covering questions. • Open ended questions to spark discussion.

13. How to Market the Journal Club to the Organization • Gather & include key stakeholders: • RN staff • Directors & Assistant Directors • Nursing Coordinators • Nurse Managers • Create communication network. • Send out article & club questions at least one week in advance. • Provide copies the day to stakeholder units.

14. Journal Club Meeting Environment • Comfortable circle style. • All participants in seated positions. • Facilitator acts as a guide, not a lecturer. • Quiet, away from distraction. • Not on unit, away from patient care if possible.

15. Article Scenario • Read provided article. • Be ready to talk about following questions. • What barriers are there to implementing EBP? • What are some ways to overcome these barriers? • What types of experiences have you had with EBP projects? • What benefits have been associated with journal clubs? • What are the steps to starting a journal club? (Lippincott’s Evidence Based Practice Network, 2013)

16. Evaluation • Always need to evaluate the quality of the process. • Should include questions on:(via Likert scale) • Environment suitability. • Instructor preparedness. • Appropriateness of material . • Interest of topic. • Suggestions for improvement or future topics. • Should be obtained before giving out certificates. • Should be reviewed & feedback reported per ANCC CEU requirements to improve future meetings.

17. Keeping Journal Club growing • Keep material relevant to stakeholders. • Keep material up-to-date with unit issues. • Keep creative in ways of presenting material (insert brief puzzles, games or quizzes to change things up). • Explore multi user online systems or webcasts to increase long distance audiences. (Billingsley, Rice, Bennett, & Thibeau, 2013)

18. Questions

19. References American Journal of Critical Care Journal Club. (2002). What is a journal club? From the AJCC website located at http://ajcc.aacnjournals.org/site/misc/journalclubwebpage.pdf Billingsley, L., Rice, K., Bennett, M., Thibeau, S., ( 2013). Using a Multiuser Virtual Environment to Facilitate Nursing Journal Clubs. From Clinical Nurse Specialists, V 27, I 3 (pp 146 -154) Laaksonen, & et al. ( 2013). Journal club as a method for nurses and nursing students’ collaborative learning: A descriptive study. From Health Science Journal, V 7, I 3 (pp 285 – 292)

20. References Cont Lippincott’s Evidence-Based Practice Network (2013). Evidence-Based Practice Network. From Lippincott’s Nursing Center. Com located at http://www.nursingcenter.com/evidencebasedpracticenetwork/EBP-Blog-Landing-page/ShowMeTheEvidence/November-2012/Using-a-journal-club-to-increase-EBP-knowledge-and O’Nan, C. L. ( 2011). The effect of a journal club on perceived barriers to the utilization of nursing research in a practice setting. From Journal of Nursing in Staff Development, V27, N 4 (PP 160- 164) Patel, & et al. ( 2011). Evidence-based practice and a nursing journal club; An equation for positive patient outcomes and nursing empowerment. From Journal for Staff Development, V 27, N 5 (pp 227 – 230)

21. References Continued Pierre, J. S. (2005) Changing nursing practice through a nursing journal club. From The Journal of Med-Surg Nursing, V 14, N6 (PP 390 – 392) Woith, W. M., Jenkins, S. H., Kerber, C. H. ( 2012). The impact of a journal club intervention on student perceptions and behaviours regarding academic dishonesty. From Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, V3, N3 (pp 27 – 34)