Bellringer : Organize the minerals on your table into the groups that you think they belong

1. Bellringer:Organize the minerals on your table into the groups that you think they belong

2. Mineral Groups • Silicates • These make up more than 90 percent of the minerals in Earth’s crust • Carbonates • Oxides and Sulfides

3. Silicates • A compound of silicon, oxygen, usually one or more other metallic elements • The basic building block is the silica tetrahedron

4. Quartz • Chemical formula: SiO2 • It is made up of a continuous framework of SiO4 silicon–oxygen tetrahedra, with each oxygen being shared between two tetrahedra, giving an overall formula SiO2 • *Min Book • Most sands consist mainly of grains of quartz • Why would this be?

5. Feldspars • The feldspar family makes up about 60% of Earth’s crust • All feldspars have: • 2 directions of cleavage • Hardness of 6 • Pearly luster • The 2 major groups of feldspars are: • Orthoclase feldspar • Plagioclase feldspar

6. The 2 Feldspars • Orthoclase • Potassium Feldspar • Color is light pink or salmon • Plagioclase • Sodium or Calcium Feldspar • Color ranges from white to gray • Examples include: • Albite • Labradorite • Feldspars are used in everyday products like glass and ceramics

7. Other Silicates • Pyroxenes • Augite • Most common pyroxene • Is a Ferromagnesian silicate and is always dark in color • Micas • Most common are Biotite and Muscovite • Both have a hardness of 2.5 and 1 cleavage plane • Muscovite is silvery white color • Biotite is dark brown or black color

8. Other Silicates Cont. • Amphiboles • Hornblende is the most common • Hardness of 5-6 • Color ranges from dark green, brown, or black • Olivines • Color is olive-green • Kaolinites • Kaolin • Resembles clay • Color of white

9. Carbonates • A carbonate is a mineral made of negatively charged carbonate ions bonded to positive metal ions Where have we heard of carbonates before and where can we find them around here?

10. Carbonates Cont. • Calcite • Also called calcium carbonate • Most common carbonate mineral • Color ranges from colorless to white • Hardness of 3 • Breaks into flat sided rhombahedra • Also fizzes when diluted HCl is droppped on it

11. Carbonates Cont. • Dolomite • Also called magnesium carbonate • Like calcite it will also break into flat sided rhombahedra • Will not fizz or react strongly when HCl is dropped on it due to the magnesium in its chemical formula • Calcite = CaCO3 and Dolomite = CaMg(CO3)2

12. Oxides and Sulfides • An Oxide is a mineral consisting of a metal element combined with oxygen • A Sulfide is a mineral consisting of a metal element combined with a sulfur • Not as common as silicates or carbonates • They contain significant amounts of iron • Important economic resources

13. Oxides • Hematite • Most common iron oxide • Color is usually red • It can have a metallic luster • Always will streak reddish brown!!! • Magnetite • Color is usually black • Shiny to dull luster • Unique property = Its MAGNETIC

14. Sulfides • Pyrite • Most common sulfide mineral • It is an iron sulfide • Chemical formula is FeS2 • Color ranges from pale brass to golden yellow • Hardness of about 6 • Also known as “Fool’s Gold”