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Flowers with 1 petal (very rare)

Flowers with 1 petal (very rare). White Calla Lily. Lilies have 6 petals;. Fusing of petals. Flowers with 2 petals (very rare). Euphobia. Flowers with 2 petals (very rare). Can still be found in Singapore: photo taken outside a HDB flat. Flowers with 3 petals (quite rare). Waterplantain.

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Flowers with 1 petal (very rare)

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  1. Flowers with 1 petal (very rare) White Calla Lily Lilies have 6 petals; Fusing of petals

  2. Flowers with 2 petals (very rare) Euphobia

  3. Flowers with 2 petals (very rare) Can still be found in Singapore: photo taken outside a HDB flat

  4. Flowers with 3 petals (quite rare) Waterplantain Trillium

  5. Flowers with 5 petals (very common) Hibiscus Taken in Singapore

  6. Bougainvillea: which one is the flower? Pink ‘flower’: 3 bracts or modified leaves; light-yellowish flower in centre has 5 petals; actually there are 3 flowers in centre

  7. Columbine: How many petals? 5 petals & 5 sepals (modified petals) Most of the times, sepals look exactly like petals

  8. Daffodil: How many petals? 3 petals & 3 sepals (modified petals)

  9. Flowers with 8 petals (quite rare) Yellow Moonbeam Coreopsis Bloodroot

  10. Daisies with 13 petals (quite rare) Black-eyed Susan Orange Zinnia

  11. Daisies with 21 petals (quite rare) Shasta Daisy ‘Petals’ are bracts or modified leaves; 100-200 flowers in centre; Composite Flower

  12. Daisies with 34 petals (quite rare) Field Daisy White Daisy

  13. Flowers with 34 petals (quite rare) Sunflower ‘Petals’ are bracts or modified leaves; 100-200 flowers in centre; Composite Flower

  14. Exceptions Daylily Ixora

  15. Exceptions Starflower Passion Flower

  16. Exception Type 1 • Some flowers follow Lucas Sequence: 2, 1, 3, 4, 7, 11, 18, 29, … • Like Fibonacci sequence except first 2 terms are 2 and 1, instead of 1 and 1 • Fibonacci: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, … • E.g. 4 petals and 7 petals

  17. Flowers with 4 petals Ixora: Taken in Singapore

  18. Flowers with 7 petals Starflower

  19. Exception Type 2 • Doubling of the petals: e.g. from 3 to 6 petals; from 5 to 10 petals

  20. Flowers with 6 petals Daylily 3 petals & 3 sepals We just use layman’s term: 6 petals. Why? Or else problem with daisies and sunflower

  21. Flowers with 6 petals Iris 3 petals & 3 sepals

  22. Orchid: 6 petals Singapore National Flower Vanda Miss Joaquim 2 petals, 3 sepals, 1 lip (modified petal)

  23. Orchid: 6 petals Learn more about Singapore National Flower: www.nparks.gov.sg/plants/van/pla-van-van.shtml

  24. Orchid: 6 petals NTU’s own flower:Dendrobium Nanyang

  25. Orchid: How many petals? 2 petals & 3 sepals? Lip not obvious or no lip (hybrid)

  26. Flowers with 10 petals Passion Flower Probably 5 petals & 5 sepals

  27. Exception Type 3 • Mutations and hybrids that have been created artificially also account for exceptions

  28. Marsh Marigold: 5 or 6 petals? The 6-petal flower is a mutant

  29. 4 or 5 petals? Taken in Singapore The 4-petal flower is a mutant

  30. Roses: How many petals? Hybrids: many petals

  31. Wild Roses: How many petals? 5 petals

  32. Are you sure there is a pattern? • Fibonacci: 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, … • Lucas: 4, 7, 11 (we haven’t seen 11 petals) • Doubling (even nos.): 6, 10, 12, 14, 16, … (we haven’t seen 12, 14, 16, … petals) • Petals: 1-8, 10-14 (cover most numbers!) • If can find 9 or 15 petals, this is rubbish!

  33. So where is the Fibonacci pattern? • The Fibonacci pattern comes mainly from daisies: 13, 21, 34, 55 or 89 • Botanists may disagree because some ‘petals’ are actually sepals or bracts • But we go by what we laymen see. Why?

  34. So where is the Fibonacci pattern? • E.g. if nature has fused the 3 petals and the 3 sepals of the White Calla Lily into 1 petal, why call it 3 petals?

  35. The Internet Search for 9 Petals… • Marsh Marigold: “5-9 deep yellow petals” • But mostly 5 petals • 6-petal is a mutant • “5-9 sepals; no petals” • Website can be wrong

  36. The Internet Search for 9 Petals… • Lesser Celandine: “5-9 yellow petals” • But mostly 8 petals • Website can be wrong or the rest are mutants

  37. The Internet Search for 9 Petals… • Mayapple: “6-9 petals” • But mostly 6 petals • Website can be wrong or the rest are mutants

  38. The Internet Search for 9 Petals… • Royal Ramparts: “9 deep red-purple petals” • Japanese Iris Nursery • Probably a hybrid

  39. The Internet Search for 9 Petals… • Áashild Kalleberg: “8-9 petals & 3 sepals” • Website says it is a hybrid • Some sites on dried flower arrangements • Conclusion: Flowers with 9 petals are either mutants or hybrids • Websites are not always reliable

  40. Websites on Fibonacci Numbers • ccins.camosun.bc.ca/~jbritton/fibslide/jbfibslide.htm (contains other patterns as well) • library.thinkquest.org/27890/applications5.html

  41. ridge How many ridges in a banana? • Hint: It is a Fibonacci number

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