MODULE “PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL” EMERGENCY PLANNING

1. MODULE “PROJECT MANAGEMENTAND CONTROL”EMERGENCY PLANNING DECOMMISSIONING MANAGEMENT SAFE DECOMMISSIONING OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

2. CONTENTS • Regulations goals and requirements • Incidents and accidents analysis during decommissioning Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

3. TRAINING OBJECTIVES Upon completion of training trainees should be able to: • Describe the main requirements concerning emergency planning during decommissioning. • List the incidents and accidents which have been analyzed in decommissioning safety reports for a specified nuclear facility (for example: KNPP decommissioning safety assessment report – incidents and accidents during preparation for safe enclosure). Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

4. REGULATION • Act on the Safe Use of Nuclear Energy: • requirements for development of internal and external emergency plans; • requirements for review, coordination and approval of plans; • requirements for organizational structure, financing, material, technical and staff assurance; • obligations of licensees and permit holders in case of accident . • Regulation for emergency planning and emergency preparedness in case of nuclear and radiation accident: • conditions and system for development of emergency plans; • individuals applying emergency plans and their obligations; • measures for mitigation and elimination of consequences; • methods to notify population; • measures to verify emergency preparedness. Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

5. EMERGENCY PLANNING – DEFINITION, OBJECTIVES AND REQUIREMENTS • Definition • Activity for setting in an emergency plan a systemof measures for restriction and elimination of accident consequences and for establishment and maintenance of emergency preparedness. • Objectives • Restriction and mitigation of accident consequences for human health, quality of life, property and environment. • Internal emergency plan: • measures to restrict and eliminate the accident consequences; • staff functional obligations for actions in case of accident; • interaction with executive authorities in accordance with the external emergency plan. Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

6. RESULTS FROM EXECUTION OF EMERGENCY PLANS • Take control over accident development; • Restriction and/or elimination of accident consequences; • Prevent occurrence of deterministic health impact on staff and population; • Duly and appropriate treatment of exposed individuals; • Decrease the probability of occurrence or restriction of stochastic health impact on population; • Prevent or restrict occurrence of non-radiation risks for staff and population; • Preservation of property; • Preparation for social and economic life restoration. Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

7. INTERNAL EMERGENCY PLAN – REQUIREMENTS OF REQULATIONS • Analysis of possible accidents in a nuclear facility, resulting in radioactive release into environment, considering data from radiation and meteorological measurements • Analysis of radioactive substance releases into environment during accidents and assessment of impact on staff, population and environment • Development of scenarios for accident development Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

8. “KOZLODUY NPP” EMERGENCY PLAN – PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES • Purpose – to establish organization ensuring: • maintenance of continuous emergency preparedness of “Kozloduy NPP” staff; • achieving maximum effectiveness of: • accident management and restriction its consequences; • measures for protection of “Kozloduy NPP” staff and the environment. Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

9. EMERGENCY PLAN – SEQUENCE OF ACTIONS, EMERGENCY STATES • Sequence of actions at: • beyondthe design basis accidents; • events that may lead to non-design basis evolution of accident; • exceptional events in result of human activity off “Kozloduy NPP” site, natural disasters, fires, floods and others violating NPP security and safety. • Emergency situations according to “Kozloduy NPP” emergency plan: • general emergency; • site area emergency; • alert. Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

10. INCIDENTS AND ACCIDENTS • Technical project for “Kozloduy” NPP units 1&2 decommissioning covers the incidents and accidents during: • phase of final reactor shutdown; • phase of safe enclosure preparation; • phase of safe enclosure operation. • Incident and accident classification: • abnormal operating mode; • accidents during the phases of safe enclosure preparation and operation; • beyond the design basis accidents. Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

11. DECOMMISSIONING PHASES CHARACTERISTICS • In terms of nuclear safety: • risk is dramatically decreasing; • operator does not need to undertake neither automated nor urgent corrective actions. • In terms of radiation protection – risk is decreasing phase by phase due to: • fuel is removed from core; • most radioactively contaminated systems and equipment are decontaminated; • removal of radioactive contaminated equipment. Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

12. INCIDENTS/ACCIDENTS DURING DECOMMISSIONING PHASES • Incidents/accidents during phase “Safe enclosure preparation”: • loss of spent fuel cooling capability; • accidents at fuel handling; • loss of spent decontamination solution. • Incidents/accidents during phase “Safe enclosure operation”: • exhaust ventilation systems filter break due to undefined reason. Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

13. CONCLUSIONS • Incidents and accidents shall not result in general emergency or site area emergency. • Countermeasures against risk associated with fuel assemblies storage in spent fuel pool are considered in emergency plan. Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”

14. REFERENCES • Decommissioning of Nuclear Power Plants and Research Reactors, Safety Guide, SS № WS-G-2.1 (1999) • Generic Assessment Procedures for DeterminingProtective Actions during a Reactor Accident, IAEA-TECDOC-955 (1997) • Act on the Safe Use of Nuclear Energy, 2002 • Regulation for Emergency Planning and Emergency Preparedness in Case of Nuclear and Radiation Accident, 2004 • Technical project for decommissioning of Units 1, 2 of NPP “Kozloduy” • Emergency Plan of Kozloduy NPP Project BG/04/B/F/PP-166005, Programme “Leonardo da Vinci”