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CSCI 125 & 161 Class 1

CSCI 125 & 161 Class 1. Martin van Bommel. History of Computers. Modern computer results from Mechanization of arithmetic. Concept of stored programs. Mechanization. Blaise Pascal ( 1623-1662) 1642 - Pascal’s Adder gears and wheels could only add, calculate taxes for his father.

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CSCI 125 & 161 Class 1

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  1. CSCI 125 & 161Class 1 Martin van Bommel

  2. History of Computers Modern computer results from • Mechanization of arithmetic • Concept of stored programs

  3. Mechanization • Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) • 1642 - Pascal’s Adder • gears and wheels • could only add, calculate taxes for his father • Gottfried von Liebniz (1646-1716) - calculus • 1670’s - Liebniz calculator • add, subtract, multiply, divide • more reliable and accurate

  4. Stored Program • Joseph Marie Jacquard (1752-1834) • 1800 - Jacquard’s Loom • metal punch cards to position threads for the weaving process • Herman Hollerith (1860-1929) • 1890 US census • store and process census dataon punched cards

  5. Charles Babbage (1792-1871) • 1822-33 - Difference Engine • compute polynomials for math tables • 1830-71 - Analytic Engine • designed but never completed, ahead of its time • Mill - arithmetic computations • Store - store data and results • Operation cards - program instructions • Variable cards - select memory location for ops • Output - printer or punch cards

  6. Analytic Engine

  7. Ada Agusta • Daughter of Lord Byron • Wrote about analytical engine • Designed several programs for it • Known as the first programmer • 1970’s Dept. of Defence named its programming language Ada

  8. First Computers • 1939-42 - ABC - used binary • John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry (Iowa State) (link) • small scale - 300 vacuum tubes • 1944 - Mark I - programmable • electromechanical computer • Howard Aiken (Harvard U.) • first real analytical engine • based on relays & a motor • Grace Hopper - debugging Mark II

  9. ENIAC - 1946 Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator • Known as first fully electronic computer (link) • John Mauchly & J.P. Eckert, U. of Pennsylvania • 18,000 vacuum tubes • 1,500 relays • 20 x 40 foot room • low reliability, lots of power, air conditioning

  10. von Neumann Architecture • 1947 - Mauchly, Eckert & von Neumann created EDVAC – Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer (binary, stored program) • John von Neumann (Princeton) • wrote about stored program concept • both programs and data stored in same memory • basis of almost all modern computers • modern computers said to use von Neumann architecture

  11. Computer Generations • 1st Generation - before 1960 • vacuum tubes and relays ENIAC • 2nd Generation - 1958 - 65 • transistors IBM 7090 • 3rd Generation - 1964 - 80 • integrated circuits or chips IBM 360 • 4th Generation - after 1980 • microprocessors - large-scale integration • (link)

  12. Fifth-Generation? • Japanese Government had plans in 1980s • Build intelligent systems capable of intelligent thought and language recognition • Project ended in 1992 • What will fifth generation have? • Intelligence? Human behavior? • Parallel processing? Multiple cores? • Quantum computing? Nanotechnology?

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