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Hazardous Waste: Waste Management & Health Effects. I. What is hazardous waste? A. Based on CFR listing B. Based on properties 1. Known to cause death or illness. 2. Considered a threat to humans & environment a. Toxic b. Flammable (ignitable) c. Corrosive d. Reactive.
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Hazardous Waste: Waste Management & Health Effects I. What is hazardous waste? A. Based on CFR listing B. Based on properties 1. Known to cause death or illness
2. Considered a threat to humans & environment a. Toxic b. Flammable (ignitable) c. Corrosive d. Reactive
2. Considered a threat to humans & environment a. Toxicity
c. Corrosivity i. pH ii. Ability to damage tissue & metals
C. Other considerations 1. Discarded 2. Types of Hazards 3. Requires special precautions 4. Concentration is important
II. Sources of hazardous waste A. Residential
B. Commercial 1. Used, expired, or contaminated materials & liquids 2. Office wastes 3. Residential-type hazardous waste
C. Institutional 1. Lab wastes 2. Office wastes 3. Used, expired or contaminated materials & liquids
D. Industrial 1. By-products, impurities & residues from manufacture
2. Used, expired or contaminated materials & liquids 3. Office wastes 4. Pollution control 5. Contaminated PPE
C. Contaminated agricultural, organic, & yard wastes
III. Management of hazardous waste A. Tracking and record keeping 1. Required by RCRA 2. “Cradle to grave” 3. Records kept
D. Ultimate fate 1. Treatment a. Location b. Types i. Chemical ii. Physical iii. Biological
2. Disposal a. Secure landfill i. Components (1) Cover or cap (2) Cells (3) Leachate collection (4) Liner (5) More leachate collection (6) Another liner (7) Clay (8) Monitors (9) Gas vents ii. Leachate collection & disposal
IV. Health effects of hazardous waste A. Exposure to hazardous waste 1. Improper storage & packaging
IV. Health effects of hazardous waste A. Exposure to hazardous waste 2. Accidents & spills
IV. Health effects of hazardous waste A. Exposure to hazardous waste 3. Leakage a. Abandoned storage vessels b. Underground storage tanks
IV. Health effects of hazardous waste A. Exposure to hazardous waste 3. Leakage c. Landfills & surface impoundments
IV. Health effects of hazardous waste A. Exposure to hazardous waste 4. Incineration
IV. Health effects of hazardous waste A. Exposure to hazardous waste 5. Evaporation
VI. Other wastes A. Radioactive wastes 1. Regulation a. Atomic Energy Act b. Atomic energy commissions
2. Sources a. Nuclear facilities i. Types
ii. Sources of radioactive wastes (1) Mining & milling
ii. Sources of radioactive wastes (2) Ore refining
ii. Sources of radioactive wastes (3) Ore processing, enrichment & fuel fabrication
ii. Sources of radioactive wastes (4) Spent fuel rods
ii. Sources of radioactive wastes (5) Cooling water & graphite moderators
VI. Other wastes A. Radioactive wastes 2. Sources b. Institutional c. Industrial
3. Types a. High-level & transuranic b. Low-level i. Institutional & commercial ii. Uranium processing iii. Mine & mill tailings c. Mixed waste
c. Disposal a. High-level i. Granite depositories ii. Salt domes iii. Deep sea
b. Low-level & mixed waste i. Mine & mill tailings ii. Other LLW