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Na 2 O MgO Al 2 O 3 SiO 2 P 4 O 10 SO 3 Cl 2 O 7 – highest (oxidation number) oxides

GROUP 3 OXIDES. Na 2 O MgO Al 2 O 3 SiO 2 P 4 O 10 SO 3 Cl 2 O 7 – highest (oxidation number) oxides P 4 O 6 SO 2 Cl 2 O. Electronegativity increases. Ionic metallic oxides similar in shape to NaCl(s): Giant ionic (book p.27).

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Na 2 O MgO Al 2 O 3 SiO 2 P 4 O 10 SO 3 Cl 2 O 7 – highest (oxidation number) oxides

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  1. GROUP 3 OXIDES Na2O MgO Al2O3 SiO2 P4O10 SO3 Cl2O7 – highest (oxidation number) oxides P4O6 SO2 Cl2O Electronegativity increases

  2. Ionic metallic oxides similar in shape to NaCl(s): Giant ionic (book p.27)

  3. Structures of non-metallic oxides P4O6: molecular P4O10: molecular m.p. 24 oC, b.p. 173 oC sublimes 300 oC SiO2: giant covalent m.p. 1700 oC chlorine (I) oxide chlorine(VII) oxide

  4. Reaction of oxides with water: Na2O(s) + H2O(l) 2Na(OH)(aq) MgO(s) + H2O(l) Mg(OH)2(aq) P4O10(s) + 6H2O 4H3PO4(aq) P4O6(s) + 6H2O 4H3PO3(aq) SO3(l) + H2O(l) H2SO4(aq) SO2(g) + H2O(l) H2SO3(aq) Cl2O7 + H20 2HClO4(aq) Cl2O(aq) + H2O(l) HOCl(aq) [Chlorine(I) oxide less acidic than chlorine(VII) oxide]

  5. Reaction of oxides with bases Al2O3(s) + 2NaOH(aq) + 3H2O(l) 2NaAl(OH)4(aq) SiO2(s) + 2NaOH(aq) Na2SiO3(aq) + H2O(l) Phosphorous oxides form acids which are neutralized by base SO2(g) + NaOH(aq) Na2SO3(aq) + H20(l) Cl2O7(g) + NaOH(aq) 2NaClO4(aq) + H2O(l) Cl2O(g) + NaOH(aq) 2NaClO(aq) + H2O(l) Reaction of amphoteric oxide with acids Al2O3(s) + 6HCl(aq) 2AlCl3(aq) + H20(l) [AlCl3(s) itself reacts with water/aqueous solution to form Al(OH)3 + H+ (aq)+ 3Cl-(aq)]

  6. Hydroxides (Al to Cl) Al(OH)3(s) + HCl(aq) AlCl3(aq) + 3H2O(l) Al(OH)3(s) + NaOH(aq) NaAl(OH)4(aq) phosphoric(III) acid HO-Cl chloric(I) acid These react like acids!

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