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Structure and Function of DNA

Structure and Function of DNA. IB04 Genetic Principles. Have you heard of DNA?. DNA is the molecule responsible for inheritance. You know from watching crime shows on TV, and from what you’ve learned in this course, that DNA molecules are unique to each individual. CSI. We All Have DNA.

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Structure and Function of DNA

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  1. Structure and Function of DNA IB04 Genetic Principles

  2. Have you heard of DNA? • DNA is the molecule responsible for inheritance. • You know from watching crime shows on TV, and from what you’ve learned in this course, that DNA molecules are unique to each individual. CSI

  3. We All Have DNA • Every human cell has DNA. • Six feet in all if you could stretch it all out!

  4. DNA • DNA is the abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid. • DNA is stored on structures called chromosomes inside the cell nucleus. • A gene is a section of the chromosome. • The next slide illustrates DNA

  5. DNA image credit: U.S. Department of Energy Human Genome Program, http://www.ornl.gov/hgmis.

  6. DNA Structure • DNA is shaped like a double helix • It contains instructions to tell cells what to do • DNA code is written in an alphabet of four chemical bases: • Adenine (A) with Thymine (T) • Guanine (G) with Cytosine (C)

  7. Order of Base Pairs • The DNA sequence is the particular side-by-side arrangement of bases along the DNA strand (e.g., ATTCCGGA). • This order spells out the exact instructions required to create a particular organism with its own unique traits.

  8. The Human Genome • The genome is an organism’s complete set of DNA. • Genomes vary widely in size: the smallest known genome for a free-living organism (a bacterium) contains about 600,000 DNA base pairs, while human and mouse genomes have some 3 billion. • Except for mature red blood cells, all human cells contain a complete genome

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