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Tropical Vector Borne Disease: Dengue Fever

Kerry-Ann Nelson Walden University Graduate Student February 3 rd , 2013. Tropical Vector Borne Disease: Dengue Fever. Stakeholders. World Health Organization Citizens of affected countries Government health care officials of affected countries Non Governmental Organizations (NGO).

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Tropical Vector Borne Disease: Dengue Fever

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  1. Kerry-Ann Nelson Walden University Graduate Student February 3rd, 2013 Tropical Vector Borne Disease:Dengue Fever

  2. Stakeholders • World Health Organization • Citizens of affected countries • Government health care officials of affected countries • Non Governmental Organizations (NGO). • Non Profit Organizations • Environmental Officials of affected countries

  3. Overview • Leading cause of illness and death in the tropics and subtropics • 100 million infected yearly • Infectious disease • Prevalent for over 200 years Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Dengue Fact Sheet. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/Dengue/faqFacts/fact.html National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. (2007). Dengue fever. Retrieved from http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/DengueFever/Understanding/Pages/Treatment.aspx

  4. History of Dengue • Origination of dengue • Spread to humans between 100 and 800 years ago • Minor, geographically restricted disease • First documentation of dengue hemorrhagic fever • Occurrence in Caribbean and Latin America Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Dengue Fact Sheet. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/Dengue/faqFacts/fact.html

  5. Causes • Virus based disease caused by mosquitoes • Commonly Aedes Aegypti • Four types of viruses: • DEN-1 • DEN-2 • DEN-3 • DEN-4 Pubmed Health. (2011). Dengue Fever. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002350/ National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. (2007). Dengue fever. Retrieved from http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/DengueFever/Understanding/Pages/Treatment.aspx

  6. Aedes Mosquito • Identification of the Aedes mosquito • Cycle of development • Incubation period • Lifespan National Environmental Agency. (2005). Dengue. Retrieved from http://www.dengue.gov.sg/subject.asp?id=12

  7. Symptoms • Appears 4 to 10 days after infection • Fever • Headaches • Muscle, bone and joint pain • Rash • Nausea • Vomiting • Pain • Symptoms can last from 2 to 7 days Mayo Clinic. (2012). Dengue Fever. Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/dengue-fever/DS01028/DSECTION=treatments-and-drugs World Health Organization. (2012). Dengue and severe dengue. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en/

  8. Transmission • Transmittal via female mosquitoes • Can infect individuals during entire life span • Humans identified as main carrier sources for uninfected mosquitoes • Mosquitoes more prevalent in the daytime • Breeding grounds • Adaptations • Spread of infection World Health Organization. (2012). Dengue and severe dengue. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en/

  9. Transmission • Population at risk • Occurrence • Estimated infections • Dengue hemorrhagic fever • Adolescent deaths Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Dengue Fact Sheet. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/Dengue/faqFacts/fact.html

  10. Transmission • Transmission during pregnancy • Effects of dengue on pregnancy • Effects of dengue on baby Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Dengue Fact Sheet. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/Dengue/faqFacts/fact.html

  11. Diagnosis • Complete Blood Count (CBC) • Antibody Titer • Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. (2007). Dengue fever. Retrieved from http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/DengueFever/Understanding/Pages/Treatment.aspx

  12. Treatment • No treatments currently available for the dengue fever infection. • Immunizations • Treatment for dengue fever symptoms • Acetaminophen • Fluids • Rest • Medications to avoid • Aspirin, Ibuprofen, naproxen sodium Mayo Clinic. (2012). Dengue Fever. Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/dengue-fever/DS01028/DSECTION=treatments-and-drugs

  13. Incidence • 50 to 100 million cases globally • 10% case fatality rate • 100 to 200 cases in the U.S each year introduced by travelers • 2007: Outbreaks reported in 11 countries • 900,782 cases reported in the Americas Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Dengue Fact Sheet. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/Dengue/faqFacts/fact.html

  14. Prevention • Protective clothing • Mosquito repellant containing: • DEET • Picaridin • Oil of Eucalyptus • Window and door screens • Reduce mosquito habitat • Avoiding outdoor activities during specific times of the day National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. (2007). Dengue fever. Retrieved from http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/DengueFever/Understanding/Pages/Treatment.aspx World Health Organization. (2012). Dengue and severe dengue. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en/

  15. Prevention • Prevention steps for babies • Covering • Use of repellant • Clothing Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Dengue Fact Sheet. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/Dengue/faqFacts/fact.html

  16. Public Health Interventions • Vaccine Development • Insecticide application • Vector control • Community participation • Active monitoring and surveillance World Health Organization. (2012). Dengue and severe dengue. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en/

  17. Public Health Interventions • U.S dengue surveillance • US areas more prevalent to infection • Statistical compilation • Passive Dengue Surveillance System (PDSS) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Dengue Fact Sheet. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/Dengue/faqFacts/fact.html

  18. Public Health Interventions • WHO Interventions • Technical support and guidance • Training • Formulation of evidence based strategies and policies • Development of new tools and products • Gathers official records • Publishes guidelines and handbooks World Health Organization. (2012). Dengue and severe dengue. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en/

  19. Questions

  20. References • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Dengue Fact Sheet. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/Dengue/faqFacts/fact.html • Mayo Clinic. (2012). Dengue Fever. Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/denguefever/DS01028/DSECTION=treatments-and-drugs • Medline Plus. (2012) Dengue fever. Retrieved from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001374.htm • National Environmental Agency. (2005). Dengue. Retrieved from http://www.dengue.gov.sg/subject.asp?id=12

  21. References • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. (2007). Dengue fever. Retrieved from http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/DengueFever/Understanding/Pages/Treatment.aspx • Pubmed Health. (2011). Dengue Fever. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002350/ • World Health Organization. (2012). Dengue and severe dengue. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en/

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