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From Hunters and Gatherers to Civilization

This summary paragraph describes the journey of early humans from survival as hunters and gatherers to the formation of civilizations. It explores the migration patterns, significant discoveries, and characteristics of early humans. The paragraph also touches upon the transition from the Paleolithic Era to the Neolithic Revolution and the emergence of river civilizations. It emphasizes the advancements in government, technology, and culture that early civilizations made.

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From Hunters and Gatherers to Civilization

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  1. -From Hunters and Gathers to Civilization-Assignment Summary Paragraph Describe what a civilization is.

  2. AIM: How did early humans survive? DO NOW: How do we know people lived thousands of years ago??

  3. TRACING THE MIGRATION (MOVEMENT) OF EARLY HUMANS ACCORDING TO THE MAP, WHERE DID EARLY HUMANS ORIGIN? AFRICA

  4. LOUIS & MARY LEAKEY (1903-1972) - Kenyan archaeologists who began looking for early human remains in East Africa. They found many tools, bones & other artifacts. DONALD JOHANSON - (1974) archaeologist who found “Lucy”, a part of an early human skeleton in Ethiopia

  5. STANDARDS FOR BEING HUMAN: 1. 90cc (cubic cm) skull size 2. Upright vertebrate 3. Thumb for tool making

  6. WHAT ARE THESE IMAGES & WHAT DO THEY TELL US ABOUT EARLY HUMANS?

  7. *NOTES* Paleolithic Era (Old Stone Age) 2 million B.C. - 10,000 B.C. • Hunting & gathering societies • Nomads- people who travel from place to place in constant search of food and water • People traveled in small groups • Simple tools/weapons made of stone, bone & wood • Use of clothes & fire • Cave paintings found of animals • Animism- religion which involves worshipping spirits in nature

  8. Five Characteristics of River Civilizations

  9. We begin at about 8,000 BC when village life began in the New Stone Age. . . Also known as the Neolithic Revolution. NEW STONE AGE

  10. What is the REVOLUTION?A TOTALLY new way of living: From Hunter-Gatherers to Agriculture

  11. The invention of Agriculture changed the way people lived. Agriculture (Farming) Growth of Cities Division of Labor (Specialization) Trade Writing and Mathematics

  12. Five Characteristics of Civilazaton

  13. AIM: What advances in government, technology, and culture did early civilizations make? DO NOW: Write down three words associated with the word civilized. (5 minutes)

  14. OUR CIVILIZATION: NEW YORK CITY WHAT FACTORS MAKE US A “CIVILIZED” AND COMPLEX SOCIETY? Write down at least 3 ideas.

  15. *NOTES* WHAT IS A CIVILIZATION??? CIVILIZATION- (1) group of people living and working together for the purpose of creating an organized society. (2) “the highest cultural grouping of people which distinguishes humans from other species” (3) “complex systems or network of cities that emerge from pre-urban culture”

  16. Government Religion System of Writing Class Structure Division of Labor

  17. 1. Organized Government Organize people to grow and distribute food Make and enforce laws Plan / organize large projects Standardize money / collect taxes Build an army for protection

  18. 2. Organized Religion Theocracy – Government by religion Early civilizations were ruled by priests Set up rituals, symbols and shrines Priests were gods or the representatives of gods Polytheism – Many gods

  19. 3. System of Writing A way to keep track of records Laws to follow Taxes to collect What has been stored Passes on knowledge to others Priests were the ones who wrote

  20. 4. Class Structure Ruler – Usually a priest Priests/Nobles – Priests worked with gods Nobles were warriors with land Merchants – People who traded Shopkeepers/Artisans – Working class with some skills Laborers/Farmers – Workers – no skills Slaves – No freedom – lowest class

  21. 5. Division of Labor Provides goods and services People develop specialized skills Encourages trade and new technology Encourages a system of social classes

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