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Performance, Residence time. System Response Time. “Towards Time Design: Pacing of Hypertext Navigation by System Response Times”. Michael Hildebrandt hilde@cs.york.ac.uk HCI Group Dept. of Computer Science University of York, UK. Herbert A. Meyer meyer@artop.de artop Institute
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Performance, Residence time System Response Time “Towards Time Design: Pacing of Hypertext Navigation by System Response Times” Michael Hildebrandt hilde@cs.york.ac.uk HCI Group Dept. of Computer Science University of York, UK Herbert A. Meyer meyer@artop.de artop Institute Humboldt-University Berlin Germany CHI 2002, Minneapolis, MN
Towards Time Design: Pacing of Hypertext Navigation by SRT • System Response Time: Perceptions • Stimulation is the indispensible requisite for pleasure in an experience, and the feeling of bare time is the least stimulating experience we can have - William James • Nothing can be more useful to a man than a determination not to be hurried - Henry D. Thoreau • System Response Time: Perspectives • QoS notions: Beyond Faster is Better • Design: Enjoyable interfaces, flow, temporal affordances • Research: Cognitive psychology of time • System Response Time: Previous research • Stress at long SRT (esp. intra-task) – 3 sec threshold? • Agitated work style at short SRT • Pacing of residence time by SRT CHI 2002, Minneapolis, MN
Towards Time Design: Pacing of Hypertext Navigation by SRT CHI 2002, Minneapolis, MN • Experiments: Research questions • Pacing in exploratory HT navigation • Performance effects of pacing • Annoyance threshold • Intra- and inter-task effects • Method • Free navigation in hypertext catalogue • Independent variable: Between-subjects SRT (0.75s – 3.75s) • Dependent variable: Residence time • Pre / post mood rating scale • Incidental recognition test
Towards Time Design: Pacing of Hypertext Navigation by SRT Index level Preview level … … Vertical navigation Full-size level … … Horizontal navigation CHI 2002, Minneapolis, MN Material: Hypertext photo catalogue
Towards Time Design: Pacing of Hypertext Navigation by SRT CHI 2002, Minneapolis, MN
Towards Time Design: Pacing of Hypertext Navigation by SRT Study 1 Study 2 CHI 2002, Minneapolis, MN Results Pacing (intra- / inter-task) Threshold ~3s Increased annoyance > 3s Pacing (intra- / inter-task) No threshold, no annoyance Recognition U-curve
Towards Time Design: Pacing of Hypertext Navigation by SRT CHI 2002, Minneapolis, MN • Conclusion • Pacing in low-demand, free navigation • Intra- and inter-task effects • Performance deficits at fast SRT • Interpretation: Attention? Motivation? Dissonance? • Future directions • Cognitive time design: Introduce decision costs via SRT • Promote thorough work style – application in engineering? • Enjoyable interfaces, flow, temporal affordances • Field study: Educational web applocation (learning game) • Get in touch! • Michael Hildebrandt, hilde@cs.york.ac.uk • Herbert A. Meyer, meyer@artop.de