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ACG 5405

ACG 5405. XML Schemas XML Namespaces XMLink. The XML Foundation. Many participants – an extended family! XML documents – carry data in context Each must be parsed into its component parts XML schemas – define the rules a class of documents must follow

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ACG 5405

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  1. ACG 5405 XML Schemas XML Namespaces XMLink

  2. The XML Foundation • Many participants – an extended family! • XML documents – carry data in context • Each must be parsed into its component parts • XML schemas – define the rules a class of documents must follow • Can be used to validate documents & contents • XSLT – provide processing instructions • Can be used to process XML documents • Namespaces – qualify elements & attributes • Differentiate & associate them with a URI • XPath … XLink … XQuery … • XML Processors are not designed equally!

  3. XML Languages - Schema • Instance Document • Elements (tag sets) meta-data about data • Schema • Well-formatted XML document • Defines structure and contents of Instance Document • Similar to an ER-Diagram for databases • Defines Each Element and Attribute • Its Structure • Includes Business Rules • Cardinalities • Used to Validate Instance Document • Means Instance Document conforms to Schema Rules

  4. XML Schema • .xsd extension • Defines each attribute and extension • Root element is a namespace • <xs:schema xmlns:xs=“http:www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema”> • Define an Element: • Simple • contain only data • Complex • contain other elements (i.e. Root & Parent) • contain attributes

  5. Simple Element Definition • Declare Name • Declare Type <xs:element name=“ID” type=“xs:string”/> • Type= • Defines the data type: • string • Integer • date • decimal • other types

  6. Complex Element (Parent) • Declares Name • Declares type • Declares Structure <xs:element name="Party"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element ref="PartyName" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/> <xs:element ref="PostalAddress" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/> <xs:element ref="Contact" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> </xs:element>

  7. Complex Element (attribute) • Declare Name • Declare Type • Define element and attribute(s) • <xs:element name="PriceAmount"> • <xs:complexType> • <xs:simpleContent> • <xs:extension base="xs:decimal"> • <xs:attribute name="currencyID" type="xs:string" use="required"/> • </xs:extension> • </xs:simpleContent> • </xs:complexType> • </xs:element>

  8. Create a Schema for Bob’s Carpet Cleaning Instance • Identify types of elements • Simple • Complex – Parent • Complex – Attribute • Create Prolog • Create Root element • Work down from 1st element to last

  9. Step 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <salesOrder> <Customer> <Name>Steven Hornik</Name> <Address> <Street>111 Main Street</Street> <City>Orlando</City> <State>FL</State> <Zip>32828</Zip> </Address> <Phone type="home">407-823-5739</Phone> </Customer> <Order> <NumberOfRooms>5</NumberOfRooms> <ServicePackage>12345</ServicePackage> <Date>2010-06-17</Date> <Time>10:00 AM</Time> </Order> </salesOrder> • Complex (Parent) Types: • Customer • Address • Phone (attribute) • Order • Simple Types: • Street • City • State • Zip • NumberofRooms • ServicePackage • Date • Time

  10. Step 2 and 3 (Prolog and Root) <?xml version=“1.0” encoding=“UTF-8”?> <xs:schema xmlns:xs=http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema> ... </xs:schema>

  11. Step 4 – Build Schema

  12. UBL Schemas • Schemas for each document type & • Common Basic Components • Defines Simple Elements • Defines Complex (attribute) Elements • Prefix: cbc • Common Aggregate Components • Defines Complex (Parent) Elements • Prefix: cac

  13. Vocabularies & Schemas • XBRL & UBL are vocabularies • XBRL for Financial Reporting • UBL for Business Documents • Vocabularies are designed using • Agreed upon element names • Agreed upon element types • Agreed upon element sequence/structure • Defined by Schemas

  14. Vocabularies and Namespaces • Namespace • A Unique Identifier • Unique Prefix refers to URI • Points to where information in an XML Document can be found. (URI) • Attributes of Root Element • Used to preclude naming collisions • Method for distinguishing between the same element name for different elements • <inv:id>10001</inv:id> ... • <employee:id><18897</employee:id>

  15. Declaring a Namespace (in the UBL instance document) <Catalogue xmlns="UBLCatalogueDocument" xmlns:cbc="UBLCommonBasicComponents" xmlns:cac="UBLCommonAggregateComponents"> • Since UBLCatalogueDocument does NOT have a prefix any element in the instance document without a prefix relates to this namespace. • UBL Catalogue Instance with namespaces

  16. Creating UBL Document Schemas • Declare NameSpaces and qualifiers • Import necessary Schemas • Define Root Element • Reference Reusable data components • Declare Cardinalities

  17. UBL Namespace Declaration <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!-- Simplified UBL Catalogue schema: SkipWhite.com, May 2008 --> <xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" targetNamespace="UBLCatalogueDocument" xmlns="UBLCatalogueDocument" xmlns:cbc="UBLCommonBasicComponents" xmlns:cac="UBLCommonAggregateComponents" elementFormDefault="qualified" attributeFormDefault="unqualified">

  18. Namespace Clarification • targetNamespace="UBLCatalogueDocument“ • The schema being created/used is applied to the UBLCatalogueDocument namespace • elementFormDefault="qualified“ • Element names will use a namespace prefix • CAC: • CBC: • attributeFormDefault="unqualified“ • Attribute names will not use a namespace prefix

  19. UBL Import <xs:import namespace="UBLCommonBasicComponents" schemaLocation="http://www.buec.udel.edu/whitec/UBLCommonBasicComponents/UBLCommonBasicComponentsSchema.xsd"/> <xs:import namespace="UBLCommonAggregateComponents" schemaLocation="http://www.buec.udel.edu/whitec/UBLCommonAggregateComponents/UBLCommonAggregateComponentsSchema.xsd"/>

  20. UBL Root Element (Catalogue) <xs:element name="Catalogue"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element ref="cbc:ID" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/> <xs:element ref="cbc:Name" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/> <xs:element ref="cbc:IssueDate" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/> <xs:element ref="cac:ProviderParty" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/> <xs:element ref="cac:ReceiverParty" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/> <xs:element ref="cac:CatalogueLine" minOccurs="1“ maxOccurs="unbounded"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> Put it all together: The Entire Schema

  21. Validating XML • Ensure that Instance Document • Follows business rules • Data types are correct • Data is properly sequenced

  22. XML Linking Language • XLink • Uses attributes to describe relationships between elements • Simple: HTML type links • Extended: More complex Relationship links

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